Elemental Composition and Sources of Urban Dust of a Large Industrial City (Krasnoyarsk, Russia)

This paper reports the first comprehensive study of urban dust from Krasnoyarsk. The elemental composition of the dust was determined, and several natural and anthropogenic sources of its formation were distinguished. Dust samples (n = 68) were collected in different functional regions of the city. The contents of 70 elements were measured in the dust samples. The (CaO + Na₂O)–Al₂O₃–K₂O and (CaO + Na₂O + K₂O)–Al₂O₃–(Fe₂O₃ + MgO) diagrams showed that the mineral component of most of the Krasnoyarsk dust samples is dominated by plagioclases. The calculation of enrichment factors and geoaccumulation indices showed that the Krasnoyarsk dust is enriched by Co, Sn, Ni, Pb, Mo, Cu, As, Zn, Cd, W, Ag, and Sb. The characteristics of trace element accumulation depending on sampling locality were evaluated. Antimony is accumulated mainly in samples from major highways of Krasnoyarsk, whereas elevated As, Cu, W, and Zn contents were usually found in samples collected in industrial zones of the city. Using principal component analysis and the Pearson correlation matrix, six groups of elements were distinguished in the dust samples, and their natural and anthropogenic sources were determined: Al, Ti, Cr, Fe, and Ni were supplied by soil and rock weathering; Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, and As, emissions from metallurgical plants and coal-burning thermal power plants; W, Bi, Zn, and Mo, heavy metallurgical and mechanical engineering industries; Cu, Cd, Sn, and Pb, emissions of motor and rail transport, as well as wear of metal parts and structures; Sn and Sb, wear of brake pads and tires and industrial emissions; and Hg, soil and rock weathering.