BaxBi(1-x)TixFexO3 (BBTFx) composite as promising material for advanced electronic and photonic applications

Barium bismuth titanium iron oxide compounds with the general formula Ba_xBi_(1−x)Ti_xFe_xO₃, where x ranges from 0.0 to 1.0 in steps of 0.25, were synthesized using the conventional solid-state method and systematically characterized. X-ray diffraction analysis confirmed the formation of a single-phase perovskite structure with minimal secondary phases. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy revealed characteristic metal–oxygen vibrational modes associated with iron–oxygen and titanium–oxygen bonds. Scanning electron microscopy showed well-defined grains with low porosity and variations in grain morphology across different compositions. Ultraviolet–visible absorption studies and Tauc plots indicated a tunable energy band gap, supporting the material’s potential for optoelectronic applications, such as ultraviolet photodetectors. Dielectric and impedance spectroscopy revealed frequency- and temperature-dependent behavior with non-Debye-type relaxation. Preliminary polarization–electric field measurements demonstrated improved thermal stability, reduced leakage current, and enhanced ferroelectric behavior, suggesting a possible increase in Curie temperature compared to barium titanate. These results highlight the BBTF_x system as a promising candidate for high-temperature electronic and photonic applications, including capacitors, sensors, and memory devices.