{"title":"活跃的捕食者不一定专门捕食不动的猎物:一个模拟模型","authors":"Inon Scharf","doi":"10.1111/nyas.15379","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"Predators employ diverse foraging modes, ranging from ambush to active pursuit of prey. While ambush predators are associated with capturing mobile prey, the specialization of active predators on sedentary prey remains less understood. I examined the circumstances under which active predators preferentially capture sedentary prey. Using a spatially explicit individual‐based simulation model, I manipulated the spatial patterns of sedentary prey, movement directionality, speed of mobile prey and active predators, and the presence of competing ambush predators. Key factors such as area‐restricted search (ARS) by active predators, uncertain capture success of prey, and prey reappearance after capture were also considered. The results suggest that active predators do not necessarily specialize in sedentary prey. Instead, their prey preference is influenced by prey spatial patterns and competition with ambush predators: clumped spatial patterns of sedentary prey and the use of ARS by active predators as well as competition with ambush predators drove active predators to focus on sedentary prey. Conversely, nondirectional movement by predators and faster‐moving prey often led to higher proportions of mobile prey being captured. These findings challenge traditional assumptions about active predator specialization and emphasize the importance of integrating spatial and behavioral dynamics into predator–prey models.","PeriodicalId":8250,"journal":{"name":"Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1000,"publicationDate":"2025-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Active predators do not necessarily specialize in sedentary prey: A simulation model\",\"authors\":\"Inon Scharf\",\"doi\":\"10.1111/nyas.15379\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"Predators employ diverse foraging modes, ranging from ambush to active pursuit of prey. While ambush predators are associated with capturing mobile prey, the specialization of active predators on sedentary prey remains less understood. I examined the circumstances under which active predators preferentially capture sedentary prey. Using a spatially explicit individual‐based simulation model, I manipulated the spatial patterns of sedentary prey, movement directionality, speed of mobile prey and active predators, and the presence of competing ambush predators. Key factors such as area‐restricted search (ARS) by active predators, uncertain capture success of prey, and prey reappearance after capture were also considered. The results suggest that active predators do not necessarily specialize in sedentary prey. Instead, their prey preference is influenced by prey spatial patterns and competition with ambush predators: clumped spatial patterns of sedentary prey and the use of ARS by active predators as well as competition with ambush predators drove active predators to focus on sedentary prey. Conversely, nondirectional movement by predators and faster‐moving prey often led to higher proportions of mobile prey being captured. These findings challenge traditional assumptions about active predator specialization and emphasize the importance of integrating spatial and behavioral dynamics into predator–prey models.\",\"PeriodicalId\":8250,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences\",\"volume\":\"19 1\",\"pages\":\"\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":4.1000,\"publicationDate\":\"2025-05-22\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"103\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://doi.org/10.1111/nyas.15379\",\"RegionNum\":3,\"RegionCategory\":\"综合性期刊\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q1\",\"JCRName\":\"MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences","FirstCategoryId":"103","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1111/nyas.15379","RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES","Score":null,"Total":0}
Active predators do not necessarily specialize in sedentary prey: A simulation model
Predators employ diverse foraging modes, ranging from ambush to active pursuit of prey. While ambush predators are associated with capturing mobile prey, the specialization of active predators on sedentary prey remains less understood. I examined the circumstances under which active predators preferentially capture sedentary prey. Using a spatially explicit individual‐based simulation model, I manipulated the spatial patterns of sedentary prey, movement directionality, speed of mobile prey and active predators, and the presence of competing ambush predators. Key factors such as area‐restricted search (ARS) by active predators, uncertain capture success of prey, and prey reappearance after capture were also considered. The results suggest that active predators do not necessarily specialize in sedentary prey. Instead, their prey preference is influenced by prey spatial patterns and competition with ambush predators: clumped spatial patterns of sedentary prey and the use of ARS by active predators as well as competition with ambush predators drove active predators to focus on sedentary prey. Conversely, nondirectional movement by predators and faster‐moving prey often led to higher proportions of mobile prey being captured. These findings challenge traditional assumptions about active predator specialization and emphasize the importance of integrating spatial and behavioral dynamics into predator–prey models.
期刊介绍:
Published on behalf of the New York Academy of Sciences, Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences provides multidisciplinary perspectives on research of current scientific interest with far-reaching implications for the wider scientific community and society at large. Each special issue assembles the best thinking of key contributors to a field of investigation at a time when emerging developments offer the promise of new insight. Individually themed, Annals special issues stimulate new ways to think about science by providing a neutral forum for discourse—within and across many institutions and fields.