D. Karthigaimuthu , Murad Alsawalha , Aya A.H. Mourad , Anuja A. Yadav , Yuvaraj M. Hunge , Elangovan Thangavel , Abdel Hamid I. Mourad
{"title":"g-C3N4/MoS2/SnO2杂化物2D/2D/1D结构染料敏化太阳能电池对电极的构建及废水中药物的光降解","authors":"D. Karthigaimuthu , Murad Alsawalha , Aya A.H. Mourad , Anuja A. Yadav , Yuvaraj M. Hunge , Elangovan Thangavel , Abdel Hamid I. Mourad","doi":"10.1016/j.apsadv.2025.100771","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this work, we developed a heterogeneous g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub>/MoS<sub>2</sub>/SnO<sub>2</sub> hybrid catalyst by a facile hydrothermal technique. A prepared hybrid was characterized and validated by XRD, FTIR and XPS. The BET analysis confirms that the surface area and pore volume values of g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub>/MoS<sub>2</sub>/SnO<sub>2</sub> (65.8 m<sup>2</sup> g<sup>-1</sup>, 0.29 cm<sup>3</sup> g<sup>-1</sup>) are higher than those of g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub>. Further FE-SEM and HR-TEM analyses clearly show that self-assembled SnO<sub>2</sub> nanorods are randomly and freely dispersed in g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> and MoS<sub>2</sub> nanosheets as formed 2D/2D/1D nanostructure. The prepared hybrid served as counter electrodes (CE) for the fabrication of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSC). The developed DSSC has J<sub>sc</sub>, and V<sub>oc</sub> parameter values of 8.6 mA/cm<sup>2</sup> and 0.558 V, then the resulting FF % and PCE % values were 0.7024 % and 3.38 %, respectively. The fabricated solar cells based on g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub>/MoS<sub>2</sub>/SnO<sub>2</sub> hybrid maintain 90 % of PCE % after 15 days. The photocatalytic function of the produced samples was tested against the ciprofloxacin (CIP) and ibuprofen (IBU) pollutants degradation under UV–Vis light irradiation and the g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub>/MoS<sub>2</sub>/SnO<sub>2</sub> hybrid catalyst showed higher photocatalytic degradation activity of 96 and 95 % towards CIP and IBU, respectively, which have higher efficiency than other synthesized samples within 80 and 100 min. The proposed photocatalytic mechanism of the constructed g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub>/MoS<sub>2</sub>/SnO<sub>2</sub> hybrid system is based on 2D/2D/1D Z-scheme synergy, and further Z-scheme synergy was investigated by a scavenger test and ESR studies. The high charge separation efficiency in the photocatalyst is responsible for the improved degradation efficiency, which is achieved using g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> and SnO<sub>2</sub> as the reducing agents and MoS<sub>2</sub> as the co-catalyst and further studied its stability and reusability. This work effectively provides insight into the construction of a novel and extremely enforceable Z-scheme for UV–Vis light-based photocatalysts to degrade pharmaceutical pollutants from wastewater and low-cost energy harvesting for renewable energy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34303,"journal":{"name":"Applied Surface Science Advances","volume":"27 ","pages":"Article 100771"},"PeriodicalIF":7.5000,"publicationDate":"2025-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Construction of g-C3N4/MoS2/SnO2 hybrid as 2D/2D/1D architecture for counter electrode of dye-sensitized solar cells and photodegradation of pharmaceutical drugs from wastewater\",\"authors\":\"D. Karthigaimuthu , Murad Alsawalha , Aya A.H. Mourad , Anuja A. Yadav , Yuvaraj M. Hunge , Elangovan Thangavel , Abdel Hamid I. Mourad\",\"doi\":\"10.1016/j.apsadv.2025.100771\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<div><div>In this work, we developed a heterogeneous g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub>/MoS<sub>2</sub>/SnO<sub>2</sub> hybrid catalyst by a facile hydrothermal technique. A prepared hybrid was characterized and validated by XRD, FTIR and XPS. The BET analysis confirms that the surface area and pore volume values of g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub>/MoS<sub>2</sub>/SnO<sub>2</sub> (65.8 m<sup>2</sup> g<sup>-1</sup>, 0.29 cm<sup>3</sup> g<sup>-1</sup>) are higher than those of g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub>. Further FE-SEM and HR-TEM analyses clearly show that self-assembled SnO<sub>2</sub> nanorods are randomly and freely dispersed in g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> and MoS<sub>2</sub> nanosheets as formed 2D/2D/1D nanostructure. The prepared hybrid served as counter electrodes (CE) for the fabrication of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSC). The developed DSSC has J<sub>sc</sub>, and V<sub>oc</sub> parameter values of 8.6 mA/cm<sup>2</sup> and 0.558 V, then the resulting FF % and PCE % values were 0.7024 % and 3.38 %, respectively. The fabricated solar cells based on g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub>/MoS<sub>2</sub>/SnO<sub>2</sub> hybrid maintain 90 % of PCE % after 15 days. The photocatalytic function of the produced samples was tested against the ciprofloxacin (CIP) and ibuprofen (IBU) pollutants degradation under UV–Vis light irradiation and the g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub>/MoS<sub>2</sub>/SnO<sub>2</sub> hybrid catalyst showed higher photocatalytic degradation activity of 96 and 95 % towards CIP and IBU, respectively, which have higher efficiency than other synthesized samples within 80 and 100 min. The proposed photocatalytic mechanism of the constructed g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub>/MoS<sub>2</sub>/SnO<sub>2</sub> hybrid system is based on 2D/2D/1D Z-scheme synergy, and further Z-scheme synergy was investigated by a scavenger test and ESR studies. The high charge separation efficiency in the photocatalyst is responsible for the improved degradation efficiency, which is achieved using g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> and SnO<sub>2</sub> as the reducing agents and MoS<sub>2</sub> as the co-catalyst and further studied its stability and reusability. This work effectively provides insight into the construction of a novel and extremely enforceable Z-scheme for UV–Vis light-based photocatalysts to degrade pharmaceutical pollutants from wastewater and low-cost energy harvesting for renewable energy.</div></div>\",\"PeriodicalId\":34303,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Applied Surface Science Advances\",\"volume\":\"27 \",\"pages\":\"Article 100771\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":7.5000,\"publicationDate\":\"2025-05-21\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Applied Surface Science Advances\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"1085\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666523925000790\",\"RegionNum\":0,\"RegionCategory\":null,\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q1\",\"JCRName\":\"CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Applied Surface Science Advances","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666523925000790","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL","Score":null,"Total":0}
Construction of g-C3N4/MoS2/SnO2 hybrid as 2D/2D/1D architecture for counter electrode of dye-sensitized solar cells and photodegradation of pharmaceutical drugs from wastewater
In this work, we developed a heterogeneous g-C3N4/MoS2/SnO2 hybrid catalyst by a facile hydrothermal technique. A prepared hybrid was characterized and validated by XRD, FTIR and XPS. The BET analysis confirms that the surface area and pore volume values of g-C3N4/MoS2/SnO2 (65.8 m2 g-1, 0.29 cm3 g-1) are higher than those of g-C3N4. Further FE-SEM and HR-TEM analyses clearly show that self-assembled SnO2 nanorods are randomly and freely dispersed in g-C3N4 and MoS2 nanosheets as formed 2D/2D/1D nanostructure. The prepared hybrid served as counter electrodes (CE) for the fabrication of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSC). The developed DSSC has Jsc, and Voc parameter values of 8.6 mA/cm2 and 0.558 V, then the resulting FF % and PCE % values were 0.7024 % and 3.38 %, respectively. The fabricated solar cells based on g-C3N4/MoS2/SnO2 hybrid maintain 90 % of PCE % after 15 days. The photocatalytic function of the produced samples was tested against the ciprofloxacin (CIP) and ibuprofen (IBU) pollutants degradation under UV–Vis light irradiation and the g-C3N4/MoS2/SnO2 hybrid catalyst showed higher photocatalytic degradation activity of 96 and 95 % towards CIP and IBU, respectively, which have higher efficiency than other synthesized samples within 80 and 100 min. The proposed photocatalytic mechanism of the constructed g-C3N4/MoS2/SnO2 hybrid system is based on 2D/2D/1D Z-scheme synergy, and further Z-scheme synergy was investigated by a scavenger test and ESR studies. The high charge separation efficiency in the photocatalyst is responsible for the improved degradation efficiency, which is achieved using g-C3N4 and SnO2 as the reducing agents and MoS2 as the co-catalyst and further studied its stability and reusability. This work effectively provides insight into the construction of a novel and extremely enforceable Z-scheme for UV–Vis light-based photocatalysts to degrade pharmaceutical pollutants from wastewater and low-cost energy harvesting for renewable energy.