Thermodynamic insights into evolving Lorentzian wormholes in f(R,T) gravity

This study explores the thermodynamic properties of evolving Lorentzian wormholes within the framework of $f(R,T)$ gravity. This modified gravity theory extends general relativity by incorporating the Ricci scalar ($R$) and the trace of the energy-momentum tensor ($T$). We investigate the thermodynamics of wormholes at their dynamic apparent horizon, deriving expressions for the entropy variation and testing the validity of the generalized second law of thermodynamics (GSL). Employing both the first law of thermodynamics and the area law formalism, which relates entropy to the horizon area, we explore the evolution of entropy and confirm the consistency of thermodynamic principles within this framework. Furthermore, we examine key physical properties such as stability conditions, active gravitational mass, and total gravitational energy. Our findings provide deeper knowledge into wormhole thermodynamics and wormhole physics, particularly within modified gravity models, and contribute to the broader understanding of the thermodynamic behavior of evolving wormhole spacetimes.