Image-analysis-based method for exploring factors influencing the visual saliency of signage in metro stations

Many studies have been conducted on the effects of color, light, and signage location on the visual saliency of underground signage. However, few studies have investigated the influence of indoor visual environments on the saliency of pedestrian signage. To explore the factors that influence the visual saliency of signage in metro stations, we developed a novel analysis method using a combination of saliency and focus maps. Then, questionnaires were utilized to unify the various formats of results from the saliency and focus maps. The factors that influence the visual saliency of signage were explored using the proposed method at selected sites and validated through virtual reality experiments. Additionally, this study proposes an image-analysis-based method that reveals the multilevel factors affecting pedestrian attention to signage in underground metro stations, including spatial interfaces, crowd flow, and ambient light. The results indicate that crowd flow has the greatest impact on pedestrian attention to signage. The study’s findings underscore the significance of considering pedestrian dynamics in the design of railway stations, which is crucial for delivering a high-quality subway experience.