Investigating intestinal parasitic infections and risk factors in fingernails: Public health insights from Tabriz East Azerbaijan Province, Iran

Objectives

This study aimed to assess the prevalence of parasitic infections in nails among individuals from different occupational and social backgrounds and identify associated risk factors influencing infection rates.

Methods

A total of 2280 nail samples were collected and analyzed from 380 individuals across various occupational groups. Microscopic examination was performed to detect parasite eggs or cysts. Demographic data, hygiene practices, and health history were recorded to evaluate potential correlations with infection rates.

Results

Of 2280 nail samples, 445 (19.51%) were found to be infected. Of the individuals, 89 (23.4%) tested positive, with a higher rate in females (28.2%) than males (16.3%). Illiterate participants showed the highest infection rate (36.6%). Occupations such as toilet conductors (44.1%), beggars (42.9%), and vegetable sellers (31.9%) exhibited significantly higher rates. Risk factors included long nails, pet ownership, poor hand hygiene, and history of diarrhea (P <0.05). The predominant parasites identified were Toxocara spp. (12.5%), Dicrocoelium dendriticum (12.5%), Entamoeba coli (12.1%), and Fasciola hepatica (11.1%).

Conclusions

Parasitic nail infections are prevalent, especially among specific high-risk occupational groups and rural populations. Public health measures focusing on hygiene education, handwashing promotion, and sanitation improvements are essential to reduce infection rates and improve overall community health.