覆盖栽培模式对黄土高原旱作夏玉米产量、资源利用效率和温室气体排放的影响

IF 5.9 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY

Agricultural Water Management Pub Date : 2025-05-22 DOI:10.1016/j.agwat.2025.109574

Jiayu Wang, Han Wang, Qingqing Sui, Bingxue Dong, Zhenqi Liao, Chenglin Yang, Xinwei Deng, Zhijun Li, Junliang Fan

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引用次数: 0

摘要

土壤覆盖作为一种提高作物生产力的有效措施，在全球干旱、半干旱地区的农业生产中得到了广泛的应用。以黄土高原旱作夏玉米为研究对象，在2023年和2024年两季进行了6种覆膜栽培模式的田间试验：无覆盖平耕（NM）、全秸秆覆盖平耕（SM）、垄上透明膜覆盖垄沟栽培（RP）、连续垄上透明膜覆盖垄沟栽培（DMt）、连续垄上银黑膜覆盖垄沟栽培（DMs）和连续垄上黑色膜覆盖垄沟栽培（DMb）。结果表明：覆盖显著影响了0 ~ 25 cm土层土壤热液状况，显著降低了作物蒸散量；DMb籽粒产量最高，DMs次之。与NM相比，DMb显著提高了叶面积指数、地上生物量、千粒重、籽粒产量、水分生产力、热时间利用率和辐射利用率，分别提高了31.3 %、41.8 %、26.2 %、51.1 %、49.6 %、42.1 %和18.3 %。DMt的温室气体排放指数（GHGI）最高，DMb的GHGI比DMt低52.4 %。总体而言，DMb优化了土壤热液条件，促进了地上生物量和水热辐射的利用效率，在保持较低GHGI的同时显著提高了旱作夏玉米的产量，是黄土高原旱作玉米可持续生产的农业策略。

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Effects of mulching cultivation patterns on grain yield, resources use efficiency and greenhouse gas emissions of rainfed summer maize on the Loess Plateau of China

Soil mulching, an efficient practice for enhancing crop productivity, has been widely used in agricultural production in the arid and semi-arid regions worldwide. A two-season (2023 and 2024) field experiment was conducted on rainfed summer maize on the Loess Plateau of China, including six mulching cultivation patterns: flat cultivation with no mulching (NM), flat cultivation with full straw mulching (SM), ridge-furrow cultivation with transparent film mulching over the ridge (RP), ridge-furrow cultivation with transparent film mulching over continuous ridges (DMt), ridge-furrow cultivation with silver-black film mulching over continuous ridges (DMs), and ridge-furrow cultivation with black film mulching over continuous ridges (DMb). The results showed that soil mulching significantly affected the soil hydrothermal conditions within the 0–25 cm soil layer and significantly decreased crop evapotranspiration. DMb obtained the highest grain yield, followed by DMs. Compared to NM, DMb significantly increased leaf area index, above-ground biomass, 1000-grain weight, grain yield, water productivity, thermal time use efficiency, and radiation use efficiency by 31.3 %, 41.8 %, 26.2 %, 51.1 %, 49.6 %, 42.1 %, and 18.3 %, respectively. DMt had the highest greenhouse gas emission index (GHGI), while the GHGI of DMb was 52.4 % lower than that of DMt. Overall, DMb optimized soil hydrothermal conditions and facilitated above-ground biomass and water-heat-radiation use efficiency, significantly improving grain yield of rainfed summer maize while maintaining relatively low GHGI, which was a sustainable agricultural strategy for rainfed maize production on the Loess Plateau.

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来源期刊

Agricultural Water Management 农林科学-农艺学

CiteScore

12.10

自引率

14.90%

发文量

648

审稿时长

4.9 months

期刊介绍： Agricultural Water Management publishes papers of international significance relating to the science, economics, and policy of agricultural water management. In all cases, manuscripts must address implications and provide insight regarding agricultural water management.