Analysis of the prevalence of diabetic retinopathy in a telemedicine screening programme from 2018 to 2023.

Purpose: Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is the most common ocular complication of diabetes. Screening programmes using fundus examination with retinal imaging are a useful tool for early diagnosis of DR and an improved disease prognosis. The purpose of this study is to analyse the number of patients attended in the DR screening programme of the Castilla y León health system and to estimate DR prevalence and severity.

Methods: An observational study of patients previously registered as diabetic who participated in the screening programme between 2018 and 2028 was conducted. Patients were classified according to their diagnosis in non-evaluable test, non-evaluable patient, no DR, DR (mild, moderate, severe, proliferative, and suspected diabetic macular oedema) and other pathologies.

Results: The total number of consultations in the program up to the present date has been 31,901, increasing from 3,934 in 2018 to 9,508 in 2023. The estimated prevalence of DR is 15.41%. 1.58% of patients were referred to their reference hospitals due to DR or other pathologies requiring urgent treatment. The remaining patients were managed by the program.

Conclusions: The prevalence of DR appears to be slightly lower than that reported in other published series, but no significant differences were observed between different program years, overall assessment, or different forms of DR or suspected diabetic macular oedema.