Comprehensive report on biochemical, pharmacological, and pharmacokinetic properties of tool compounds relevant to human pathologies

A tool compound is a reagent that is a selective small-molecule modulator of a protein's activity. It enables researchers to investigate the mechanistic and phenotypic aspects of the molecular target through various experimental approaches, such as biochemical analyses, cell-based assays, or animal investigations. The field of life science research stands to gain significant advantages from the development of research tools that are both more accessible and aesthetically engaging, thereby facilitating the process of hypothesis formation. Target identification and efficacy prediction require novel methodologies due to the declining frequency of new medication approvals and the rising expense of drug development. In this review, we emphasize that chemical probe data collection offers researchers a comprehensive compilation of tool chemicals and also discusses the collection of currently available tool chemicals and highlights limitations in our capacity to target specific biochemical processes through pharmacological means selectively.