Combination of Nitropyrazole and Nitroaminotriazole: A Novel High-Energy Insensitive Energetic Material

Currently, within the realm of high-energy material research, the foremost priority lies in harmonizing detonation performance and mechanical sensitivity. In this study, a high-energy insensitive tetracyclic energetic material N, N’-((4,4′-dinitro-1H,2′H-[3,3′-bipyrazole]-5,5′-diyl)bis(1H-1,2,4-triazole-3,5-diyl)) dinitramide (4) was designed by combining the high stability portion of bis(4-nitropyrazole) with the high energy portion of Nitroaminotriazole through ester cyclization reaction. Further combination with energetic bases forms energetic salts 5–9 with good detonation performance, high stability, and insensitivity. All newly synthesized compounds exhibit positive enthalpy of formation (ΔH_f: 978.3 to 1434.8 kJ/mol), outstanding detonation performance (D_v: 8125 to 9030 m/s; P: 26.05 to 34.6 GPa), and low mechanical sensitivity (IS ≥ 24 J, FS ≥ 360 N). Notably, the neutral tetracyclic energetic compound 4 (D_v = 9030 m/s, P = 34.6 GPa, IS = 24 J, FS = 360 N) demonstrates superior detonation performance and satisfactory mechanical sensitivity when compared to 1,3,5-trinitroperhydro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX, D_v = 8785 m/s, P = 34.7 GPa, IS = 7.4 J, FS = 120 N).