Anatomical examination of the relationship between the temporomandibular joint capsule and lateral ligament: a cadaveric study.

The lateral ligament of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) has been described as a short and narrow fibrous band attached to the lateral surface of the zygomatic arch and the neck of the condyle to limit joint motion. It is considered a significant contributor to TMJ stabilization. However, the existence of the ligament remains controversial. Therefore, this cadaveric study was performed to investigate the morphology of the lateral ligament and surrounding structures and discuss their contribution to TMJ stabilization. Nine TMJ from six adult cadavers were evaluated; the joints were fixed in 8% formalin and preserved in 30% ethanol. Five joints were examined macroscopically, while four were examined histologically. Macroscopic analysis revealed that the masseter fascia continued to the lateral capsule. No independent fibrous structure was observed at the lateral part of the TMJ in any specimen. Histological analysis revealed that the muscle bundles of the masseter and temporalis were continuous with the capsule inferior to the zygomatic arch. The masseteric fascia was continuous with the capsule on the lateral side of the condyle and extended posteriorly. The study findings suggest that it is the muscle-tendon-fascia-capsule complex that contributes to the dynamic stabilization of the TMJ.