Jieru Lu, Zhuoyan Li, Yu Wang, Jing Yang, Shujing Li, Xuehua Ruan, Jinping Cheng, Sun Chen, Yurong Wu, Xin Shi, Kun Sun, Jing Sun
{"title":"影响胎儿冠心病风险的孕期母体暴露因素：一项病例对照研究","authors":"Jieru Lu, Zhuoyan Li, Yu Wang, Jing Yang, Shujing Li, Xuehua Ruan, Jinping Cheng, Sun Chen, Yurong Wu, Xin Shi, Kun Sun, Jing Sun","doi":"10.1017/S104795112500188X","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>We sought to assess the degree to which environmental risk factors affect CHD prevalence using a case-control study.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A hospital-based study was conducted by collecting data from outpatients between January 2016 and January 2021, which included 31 CHD cases and 72 controls from eastern China. Risk ratios were estimated using univariate and multivariate logistic regression models and mediating effect analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Residential characteristics (usage of cement flooring, odds ratio = 17.04[1.954-148.574], <i>P</i> = 0.01; musty smell, odds ratio = 3.105[1.198-8.051], <i>P</i> = 0.02) and indoor total volatile organic compound levels of participants' room (odds ratio = 31.846[8.187-123.872, <i>P</i> < 0.001), benzene level (odds ratio = 7.370[2.289-23.726], <i>P</i> = 0.001) increased the risk of CHDs in offspring. And folic acid plays a masking effect, which mitigates the affection of the total volatile organic compound (indirect effect = -0.072[-0.138,-0.033]) and formaldehyde (indirect effect = -0.109[-0.381,-0.006]) levels on the incidence of CHDs. While food intake including milk (odds ratio = 0.396[0.16-0.977], <i>P</i> = 0.044), sea fish (odds ratio = 0.273[0.086-0.867], <i>P</i> = 0.028), and wheat (odds ratio = 0.390[0.154-0.990], <i>P</i> = 0.048) were all protective factors for the occurrence of CHDs. Factors including women reproductive history (history of conception control, odds ratio = 2.648[1.062-6.603], <i>P</i> = 0.037; history of threatened abortion, odds ratio = 2.632[1.005-6.894], <i>P</i> = 0.049; history of dysmenorrhoea (odds ratio = 2.720[1.075-6.878], <i>P</i> = 0.035); sleep status (napping habit during daytime, odds ratio = 0.856[0.355-2.063], <i>P</i> = 0.047; poor sleep quality, odds ratio = 3.180[1.037-9.754], <i>P</i> = 0.043); and work status (working time > 40h weekly, odds ratio = 2.882[1.172-7.086], <i>P</i> = 0.021) also influenced the CHDs incidence to differing degrees.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Diet habits, nutrients intake, psychological status of pregnant women, and residential air quality were associated with fetal CHDs. Indoor total volatile organic compound content was significantly correlated with CHDs risk, and folic acid may serve as a masking factor that reduce the harmful effects of air pollutants.</p>","PeriodicalId":9435,"journal":{"name":"Cardiology in the Young","volume":" ","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9000,"publicationDate":"2025-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Maternal exposure factors in pregnancy that affect fetal CHD risk: a case-control study.\",\"authors\":\"Jieru Lu, Zhuoyan Li, Yu Wang, Jing Yang, Shujing Li, Xuehua Ruan, Jinping Cheng, Sun Chen, Yurong Wu, Xin Shi, Kun Sun, Jing Sun\",\"doi\":\"10.1017/S104795112500188X\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>We sought to assess the degree to which environmental risk factors affect CHD prevalence using a case-control study.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A hospital-based study was conducted by collecting data from outpatients between January 2016 and January 2021, which included 31 CHD cases and 72 controls from eastern China. Risk ratios were estimated using univariate and multivariate logistic regression models and mediating effect analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Residential characteristics (usage of cement flooring, odds ratio = 17.04[1.954-148.574], <i>P</i> = 0.01; musty smell, odds ratio = 3.105[1.198-8.051], <i>P</i> = 0.02) and indoor total volatile organic compound levels of participants' room (odds ratio = 31.846[8.187-123.872, <i>P</i> < 0.001), benzene level (odds ratio = 7.370[2.289-23.726], <i>P</i> = 0.001) increased the risk of CHDs in offspring. And folic acid plays a masking effect, which mitigates the affection of the total volatile organic compound (indirect effect = -0.072[-0.138,-0.033]) and formaldehyde (indirect effect = -0.109[-0.381,-0.006]) levels on the incidence of CHDs. While food intake including milk (odds ratio = 0.396[0.16-0.977], <i>P</i> = 0.044), sea fish (odds ratio = 0.273[0.086-0.867], <i>P</i> = 0.028), and wheat (odds ratio = 0.390[0.154-0.990], <i>P</i> = 0.048) were all protective factors for the occurrence of CHDs. Factors including women reproductive history (history of conception control, odds ratio = 2.648[1.062-6.603], <i>P</i> = 0.037; history of threatened abortion, odds ratio = 2.632[1.005-6.894], <i>P</i> = 0.049; history of dysmenorrhoea (odds ratio = 2.720[1.075-6.878], <i>P</i> = 0.035); sleep status (napping habit during daytime, odds ratio = 0.856[0.355-2.063], <i>P</i> = 0.047; poor sleep quality, odds ratio = 3.180[1.037-9.754], <i>P</i> = 0.043); and work status (working time > 40h weekly, odds ratio = 2.882[1.172-7.086], <i>P</i> = 0.021) also influenced the CHDs incidence to differing degrees.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Diet habits, nutrients intake, psychological status of pregnant women, and residential air quality were associated with fetal CHDs. Indoor total volatile organic compound content was significantly correlated with CHDs risk, and folic acid may serve as a masking factor that reduce the harmful effects of air pollutants.</p>\",\"PeriodicalId\":9435,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Cardiology in the Young\",\"volume\":\" \",\"pages\":\"1-10\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":0.9000,\"publicationDate\":\"2025-05-19\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Cardiology in the Young\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"3\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://doi.org/10.1017/S104795112500188X\",\"RegionNum\":4,\"RegionCategory\":\"医学\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q4\",\"JCRName\":\"CARDIAC & CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEMS\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Cardiology in the Young","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S104795112500188X","RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q4","JCRName":"CARDIAC & CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEMS","Score":null,"Total":0}
Maternal exposure factors in pregnancy that affect fetal CHD risk: a case-control study.
Aim: We sought to assess the degree to which environmental risk factors affect CHD prevalence using a case-control study.
Methods: A hospital-based study was conducted by collecting data from outpatients between January 2016 and January 2021, which included 31 CHD cases and 72 controls from eastern China. Risk ratios were estimated using univariate and multivariate logistic regression models and mediating effect analysis.
Results: Residential characteristics (usage of cement flooring, odds ratio = 17.04[1.954-148.574], P = 0.01; musty smell, odds ratio = 3.105[1.198-8.051], P = 0.02) and indoor total volatile organic compound levels of participants' room (odds ratio = 31.846[8.187-123.872, P < 0.001), benzene level (odds ratio = 7.370[2.289-23.726], P = 0.001) increased the risk of CHDs in offspring. And folic acid plays a masking effect, which mitigates the affection of the total volatile organic compound (indirect effect = -0.072[-0.138,-0.033]) and formaldehyde (indirect effect = -0.109[-0.381,-0.006]) levels on the incidence of CHDs. While food intake including milk (odds ratio = 0.396[0.16-0.977], P = 0.044), sea fish (odds ratio = 0.273[0.086-0.867], P = 0.028), and wheat (odds ratio = 0.390[0.154-0.990], P = 0.048) were all protective factors for the occurrence of CHDs. Factors including women reproductive history (history of conception control, odds ratio = 2.648[1.062-6.603], P = 0.037; history of threatened abortion, odds ratio = 2.632[1.005-6.894], P = 0.049; history of dysmenorrhoea (odds ratio = 2.720[1.075-6.878], P = 0.035); sleep status (napping habit during daytime, odds ratio = 0.856[0.355-2.063], P = 0.047; poor sleep quality, odds ratio = 3.180[1.037-9.754], P = 0.043); and work status (working time > 40h weekly, odds ratio = 2.882[1.172-7.086], P = 0.021) also influenced the CHDs incidence to differing degrees.
Conclusion: Diet habits, nutrients intake, psychological status of pregnant women, and residential air quality were associated with fetal CHDs. Indoor total volatile organic compound content was significantly correlated with CHDs risk, and folic acid may serve as a masking factor that reduce the harmful effects of air pollutants.
期刊介绍：
Cardiology in the Young is devoted to cardiovascular issues affecting the young, and the older patient suffering the sequels of congenital heart disease, or other cardiac diseases acquired in childhood. The journal serves the interests of all professionals concerned with these topics. By design, the journal is international and multidisciplinary in its approach, and members of the editorial board take an active role in the its mission, helping to make it the essential journal in paediatric cardiology. All aspects of paediatric cardiology are covered within the journal. The content includes original articles, brief reports, editorials, reviews, and papers devoted to continuing professional development.
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