Muhammad Asif, Rehan Saeed, Muhammad Usama, Mian Muhammad Rafay, Usman Ahmad, Safdar Ali
{"title":"铈取代的\\({\\rm{Ba}}{{\\rm{Ce}}}_{{\\rm{x}}}{{\\rm{Fe}}}_{2-{\\rm{x}}}{{\\rm{O}}}_{4}\\)铁氧体：光电和光伏应用的合成、光学和磁性能","authors":"Muhammad Asif, Rehan Saeed, Muhammad Usama, Mian Muhammad Rafay, Usman Ahmad, Safdar Ali","doi":"10.1007/s10971-025-06755-z","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The demand for advanced materials with customizable properties is essential for meeting the needs of next-generation optoelectronic, photocatalytic, and photovoltaic technologies. In this study, <span>\\({\\rm{Ba}}{{\\rm{Ce}}}_{{\\rm{x}}}{{\\rm{Fe}}}_{2-{\\rm{x}}}{{\\rm{O}}}_{4}\\)</span> (x = 0.00, 0.02, 0.04, 0.06) ferrites were successfully synthesized using the sol–gel auto-combustion technique, and the effects of cerium substitution on their structural, optical, and magnetic properties were comprehensively investigated. X-ray diffraction analysis confirmed an increase in lattice parameters and unit cell volume, coupled with a reduction in crystallite size from 65.62 nm to 51.41 nm, reflecting Ce-induced lattice distortions. FTIR spectroscopy revealed shifts in absorption bands, suggesting enhanced vibrational stability and strengthened metal-oxygen bonds. Optical studies indicated a significant increase in bandgap energy from 1.69 eV to 2.16 eV, alongside systematic variations in refractive index and reflectivity, demonstrating improved optical transparency and tunable optical dielectric behavior. Magnetic measurements highlighted a decrease in saturation magnetization (Ms) and complex coercivity behavior influenced by disrupted magnetic interactions and anisotropy. These results underline the potential of <span>\\({\\rm{Ba}}{{\\rm{Ce}}}_{{\\rm{x}}}{{\\rm{Fe}}}_{2-{\\rm{x}}}{{\\rm{O}}}_{4}\\)</span> ferrites for applications in optoelectronic devices, photocatalysis, and photovoltaic systems.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div><div><p>The above graphical abstract presents the sol–gel auto-combustion synthesis of BaCe<sub>x</sub>Fe<sub>2-x</sub>O<sub>4</sub> (x = 0.00–0.06) ferrites and their structural, optical, and magnetic characterization. XRD, FTIR, UV-Vis, and VSM analyses confirm Ce-induced lattice expansion, bandgap modulation, and magnetic tuning. These modifications enhance their potential for optoelectronic, photocatalytic, and photovoltaic applications.</p></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":664,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology","volume":"114 3","pages":"934 - 949"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2000,"publicationDate":"2025-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Cerium-substituted \\\\({\\\\rm{Ba}}{{\\\\rm{Ce}}}_{{\\\\rm{x}}}{{\\\\rm{Fe}}}_{2-{\\\\rm{x}}}{{\\\\rm{O}}}_{4}\\\\) ferrites: synthesis, optical and magnetic properties for optoelectronic and photovoltaic applications\",\"authors\":\"Muhammad Asif, Rehan Saeed, Muhammad Usama, Mian Muhammad Rafay, Usman Ahmad, Safdar Ali\",\"doi\":\"10.1007/s10971-025-06755-z\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<div><p>The demand for advanced materials with customizable properties is essential for meeting the needs of next-generation optoelectronic, photocatalytic, and photovoltaic technologies. In this study, <span>\\\\({\\\\rm{Ba}}{{\\\\rm{Ce}}}_{{\\\\rm{x}}}{{\\\\rm{Fe}}}_{2-{\\\\rm{x}}}{{\\\\rm{O}}}_{4}\\\\)</span> (x = 0.00, 0.02, 0.04, 0.06) ferrites were successfully synthesized using the sol–gel auto-combustion technique, and the effects of cerium substitution on their structural, optical, and magnetic properties were comprehensively investigated. X-ray diffraction analysis confirmed an increase in lattice parameters and unit cell volume, coupled with a reduction in crystallite size from 65.62 nm to 51.41 nm, reflecting Ce-induced lattice distortions. FTIR spectroscopy revealed shifts in absorption bands, suggesting enhanced vibrational stability and strengthened metal-oxygen bonds. Optical studies indicated a significant increase in bandgap energy from 1.69 eV to 2.16 eV, alongside systematic variations in refractive index and reflectivity, demonstrating improved optical transparency and tunable optical dielectric behavior. Magnetic measurements highlighted a decrease in saturation magnetization (Ms) and complex coercivity behavior influenced by disrupted magnetic interactions and anisotropy. These results underline the potential of <span>\\\\({\\\\rm{Ba}}{{\\\\rm{Ce}}}_{{\\\\rm{x}}}{{\\\\rm{Fe}}}_{2-{\\\\rm{x}}}{{\\\\rm{O}}}_{4}\\\\)</span> ferrites for applications in optoelectronic devices, photocatalysis, and photovoltaic systems.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div><div><p>The above graphical abstract presents the sol–gel auto-combustion synthesis of BaCe<sub>x</sub>Fe<sub>2-x</sub>O<sub>4</sub> (x = 0.00–0.06) ferrites and their structural, optical, and magnetic characterization. XRD, FTIR, UV-Vis, and VSM analyses confirm Ce-induced lattice expansion, bandgap modulation, and magnetic tuning. 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Cerium-substituted \({\rm{Ba}}{{\rm{Ce}}}_{{\rm{x}}}{{\rm{Fe}}}_{2-{\rm{x}}}{{\rm{O}}}_{4}\) ferrites: synthesis, optical and magnetic properties for optoelectronic and photovoltaic applications
The demand for advanced materials with customizable properties is essential for meeting the needs of next-generation optoelectronic, photocatalytic, and photovoltaic technologies. In this study, \({\rm{Ba}}{{\rm{Ce}}}_{{\rm{x}}}{{\rm{Fe}}}_{2-{\rm{x}}}{{\rm{O}}}_{4}\) (x = 0.00, 0.02, 0.04, 0.06) ferrites were successfully synthesized using the sol–gel auto-combustion technique, and the effects of cerium substitution on their structural, optical, and magnetic properties were comprehensively investigated. X-ray diffraction analysis confirmed an increase in lattice parameters and unit cell volume, coupled with a reduction in crystallite size from 65.62 nm to 51.41 nm, reflecting Ce-induced lattice distortions. FTIR spectroscopy revealed shifts in absorption bands, suggesting enhanced vibrational stability and strengthened metal-oxygen bonds. Optical studies indicated a significant increase in bandgap energy from 1.69 eV to 2.16 eV, alongside systematic variations in refractive index and reflectivity, demonstrating improved optical transparency and tunable optical dielectric behavior. Magnetic measurements highlighted a decrease in saturation magnetization (Ms) and complex coercivity behavior influenced by disrupted magnetic interactions and anisotropy. These results underline the potential of \({\rm{Ba}}{{\rm{Ce}}}_{{\rm{x}}}{{\rm{Fe}}}_{2-{\rm{x}}}{{\rm{O}}}_{4}\) ferrites for applications in optoelectronic devices, photocatalysis, and photovoltaic systems.
Graphical Abstract
The above graphical abstract presents the sol–gel auto-combustion synthesis of BaCexFe2-xO4 (x = 0.00–0.06) ferrites and their structural, optical, and magnetic characterization. XRD, FTIR, UV-Vis, and VSM analyses confirm Ce-induced lattice expansion, bandgap modulation, and magnetic tuning. These modifications enhance their potential for optoelectronic, photocatalytic, and photovoltaic applications.
期刊介绍：
The primary objective of the Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology (JSST), the official journal of the International Sol-Gel Society, is to provide an international forum for the dissemination of scientific, technological, and general knowledge about materials processed by chemical nanotechnologies known as the "sol-gel" process. The materials of interest include gels, gel-derived glasses, ceramics in form of nano- and micro-powders, bulk, fibres, thin films and coatings as well as more recent materials such as hybrid organic-inorganic materials and composites. Such materials exhibit a wide range of optical, electronic, magnetic, chemical, environmental, and biomedical properties and functionalities. Methods for producing sol-gel-derived materials and the industrial uses of these materials are also of great interest.
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