Comprehensive insights into modeling yield gap in agroecosystems: Definitions, theoretical framework, and multidimensional perspectives (a review)

CONTEXT

The yield gap—the difference between potential and actual yield—represents a fundamental challenge in agriculture. Closing this gap is crucial for increasing the productivity of arable land, thereby ensuring sustainable food security without expanding the agricultural footprint. This study explores the concept of the yield gap and its critical role in boosting crop production per unit area, a strategy essential for meeting the global food demand in the face of a growing population.

OBJECTIVE

This study aims to review and analyze methodologies for assessing the yield gap, highlighting their significance in improving agricultural productivity. The focus is on evaluating the strengths, limitations, and applications of various yield gap assessment methods, with a particular emphasis on the Global Yield Gap Atlas (GYGA) protocol to enhance the relevance and applicability of findings across different agricultural systems.

METHODS

Five widely utilized yield gap assessment methods were thoroughly reviewed, including crop simulation models (CSMs) and satellite imagery techniques. The study examines the methodologies, strengths, limitations, and notable applications of these methods globally. It also discusses the integration of advanced data collection and analysis techniques to overcome challenges such as data scarcity and inconsistencies in results.

RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS

The study identifies key challenges in yield gap research, including the scarcity of reliable data and the inconsistencies from different methodologies producing divergent results under similar conditions. These issues pose significant challenges for agricultural decision-makers and farmers, potentially reducing the practical utility of yield gap analyses. The study emphasizes the need for improved standardization and methodological integration to provide robust and actionable insights. It also highlights the evolution of yield gap methodologies to address climate change challenges and the need for effective adaptation and mitigation strategies. A cross-method comparison also revealed consistent key yield gap determinants.

SIGNIFICANCE

This comprehensive review provides valuable insights into the history, methodology, strengths, and weaknesses of various yield gap assessment methods. It discusses their evolution and the challenges ahead, offering guidance on integrating these methodologies to drive sustainable agricultural practices. The findings contribute to global food security by informing better decision-making in agriculture amidst ongoing environmental and socio-economic pressures.