Intracameral medications in cataract surgery.

Purpose: To review the indications, dosages, and safety profiles of intracameral drugs used during cataract surgery.

Methods: A narrative review was conducted, evaluating published clinical studies, review articles, and guidelines related to intracameral drug use in cataract surgery. The analysis focused on drugs commonly used for anesthesia, mydriasis, inflammation control, and intraoperative complication management. Special consideration was given to their utility in high-risk surgical scenarios, such as small pupils, intraoperative floppy iris syndrome, white or pediatric cataracts, and cases with zonular weakness.

Results: Intracameral drugs have proven beneficial in achieving effective anesthesia, maintaining pupil dilation, and controlling inflammation during cataract surgery. Their use is particularly advantageous in complex cases, including those with corneal opacity, posterior capsular rupture, or combined procedures like minimally invasive glaucoma surgery and premium IOL implantation. When prepared and administered properly, these agents contribute to safer and more efficient surgeries. However, improper preparation or dosing can lead to ocular toxicity, highlighting the importance of meticulous handling.

Conclusion: Intracameral drug administration is a valuable adjunct in cataract surgery, enabling surgeons to manage routine and complex cases more effectively. Understanding their appropriate use and potential risks is essential to maximize patient safety and surgical success.