耳石不规则纤维刺激在前庭核复合体和前庭小脑的直接和间接传入通路中引起一个前庭-尾侧活动梯度

IF 2.3 4区 医学 Q3 NEUROSCIENCES
Avril Genene Holt, Shana King, Syed Danial Naqvi, Rod D. Braun, David S. Bauer, Marie Anderson, William Michael King
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引用次数: 0

摘要

前庭系统对姿势、平衡、运动控制和空间定向很重要。每个前庭末端器官都有专门的神经上皮,有规则的和不规则的传入神经。在耳石器官中,对直线抽搐(加速度的抽搐导数)反应最灵敏的传入神经位于纹状体,并集中投射到前庭核复合体(VNC)以及小舌和前庭小脑结节(VeCb)。耳石不规则传入的中枢神经元激活模式相对未知。为了解决这一差距,c-Fos被用作神经元活动的标记物,以绘制大鼠VNC和VeCb在整个上肢-尾侧范围内活跃神经元的分布。对c-Fos进行免疫组化,以评估VNC和VeCb神经元对鼻枕平面线性抽搐刺激的激活。激活神经元分布于整个VNC,包括前庭外侧核(LVe)、大细胞前庭内侧核(MVeMC)、旁细胞前庭内侧核(MVePC)、脊髓前庭核(SpVe)和前庭上核(SuVe)。值得注意的是,刺激后MVePC显示出最多的c- fos标记核。在LVe, MVe和SpVe的VNC的中脑-尾侧和尾侧区域发现c-Fos标记显著增加。此外,在抽搐刺激后,在VeCb的所有区域都观察到c-Fos标记。在结节和小舌的前后端范围内发现标记核的数量显著增加。神经元活动的分布表明,接受最大直接耳石输入的区域在耳石来源的不规则纤维刺激下表现出最显著的变化。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Otolith Irregular Fiber Stimulation Elicits a Rostro-Caudal Activity Gradient in the Vestibular Nuclear Complex and Both Direct and Indirect Afferent Pathways of the Vestibulocerebellum

The vestibular system is important for posture, balance, motor control, and spatial orientation. Each of the vestibular end organs has specialized neuroepithelia with both regular and irregular afferents. In otolith organs, the utricle and saccule, afferents most responsive to linear jerk (jerk—derivative of acceleration) are located in the striola and project centrally to the vestibular nuclear complex (VNC) as well as the uvula and nodulus of the vestibulocerebellum (VeCb). The pattern of central neuronal activation attributed to otolith irregular afferents is relatively unknown. To address this gap, c-Fos was used as a marker of neuronal activity to map the distribution of active neurons throughout the rostro-caudal extent of the VNC and VeCb in rats. Immunohistochemistry for c-Fos was performed to assess activation of VNC and VeCb neurons in response to a linear jerk stimulus delivered in the naso-occipital plane. Activated neurons were distributed throughout the VNC, including the lateral vestibular nucleus (LVe), magnocellular medial vestibular nucleus (MVeMC), parvocellular medial vestibular nucleus (MVePC), spinal vestibular nucleus (SpVe), and superior vestibular nucleus (SuVe). Notably, after stimulation, the MVePC exhibited the greatest number of c-Fos-labeled nuclei. Significant increases in c-Fos labeling were found in mid-rostro-caudal and caudal regions of the VNC in the LVe, MVe, and SpVe. Additionally, c-Fos labeling was observed across all regions of the VeCb after jerk stimulation. Significant increases in the number of labeled nuclei were found throughout the rostro-caudal extent of the nodulus and uvula. The distribution of neuronal activity suggests that regions receiving the greatest direct otolith input exhibit the most substantial changes in response to otolith-derived, irregular fiber stimulation.

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来源期刊
CiteScore
5.80
自引率
8.00%
发文量
158
审稿时长
3-6 weeks
期刊介绍: Established in 1891, JCN is the oldest continually published basic neuroscience journal. Historically, as the name suggests, the journal focused on a comparison among species to uncover the intricacies of how the brain functions. In modern times, this research is called systems neuroscience where animal models are used to mimic core cognitive processes with the ultimate goal of understanding neural circuits and connections that give rise to behavioral patterns and different neural states. Research published in JCN covers all species from invertebrates to humans, and the reports inform the readers about the function and organization of nervous systems in species with an emphasis on the way that species adaptations inform about the function or organization of the nervous systems, rather than on their evolution per se. JCN publishes primary research articles and critical commentaries and review-type articles offering expert insight in to cutting edge research in the field of systems neuroscience; a complete list of contribution types is given in the Author Guidelines. For primary research contributions, only full-length investigative reports are desired; the journal does not accept short communications.
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