母乳的双重行为-生理缓冲促进了肯尼亚北部牧民和农牧民的干旱适应性

IF 1.6 4区 医学 Q1 ANTHROPOLOGY
M. Fujita, K. Wander, B. Straight, G. Wamwere-Njoroge
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引用次数: 0

摘要

母亲在生理上缓冲乳汁中关键的营养成分以对抗营养应激。它是如何嵌套在上游行为缓冲中的还不太清楚。本研究探讨了牧民和农牧民应对干旱的经济或其他行为策略(如牲畜销售和儿童寄养)是否会影响孕产妇营养不良风险或牛奶营养含量。方法利用来自肯尼亚北部干旱地区221名母乳喂养母亲的数据,我们估计了广义结构方程模型,以评估行为应对变量与产妇营养不良(体重不足、维生素A缺乏症(VAD)和叶酸缺乏症(高同型半胱氨酸血症)以及直接或间接由产妇营养不良引起的乳能量、视黄醇和叶酸含量之间的联系途径。感兴趣的预测因素包括土地面积、牛/山羊群出售比例、寄养/收养儿童以及生活在家中的儿童。赤池信息准则指导模型拟合评价。结果土地面积与母亲体重过轻和VAD呈正相关。儿童寄养和出售的牛与体重不足呈负相关,而儿童寄养和出售的山羊/绵羊与高同型半胱氨酸血症呈正相关。在家生活的儿童与VAD呈负相关,尤其是土地面积较大的儿童,与牛奶视黄醇呈正相关。牛奶叶酸与高同型半胱氨酸血症呈正相关。结论:行为缓冲策略,如寄养儿童,不能完全预防孕产妇营养不良。所研究的行为缓冲策略对牛奶变量的影响不足,表明生理缓冲弥补了不完全行为缓冲留下的空白。双重行为-生理缓冲促进了农牧民的干旱适应性,但对微量营养素的生理缓冲的严重依赖意味着高的母亲成本。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Dual Behavioral–Physiological Buffering of Mothers' Milk Facilitates Drought Adaptability of Pastoralists and Agropastoralists in Northern Kenya

Background

Mothers physiologically buffer key milk nutrient content against nutritional stress. How this is nested in upstream behavioral buffering is not well understood.

Objectives

The study explored whether pastoralists and agropastoralists' economic or other behavioral coping strategies against droughts, such as livestock sales and child fosterage, influence maternal risk for malnutrition or milk nutrient content.

Methods

Using data from 221 breastfeeding mothers in drought-stricken northern Kenya, we estimated generalized structural equation models to evaluate pathways linking behavioral coping variables to maternal malnutrition—underweight, vitamin A deficiency (VAD), and folate deficiency (hyperhomocysteinemia)—and to milk energy, retinol, and folate content directly or mediated by maternal malnutrition. Predictors of interest included land size, proportion of cattle/goat herds sold, children fostered/adopted out, and children living at home. Akaike Information Criterion guided model fit assessment.

Results

Land size was positively associated with maternal underweight and VAD. Child fosterage and cattle sold were inversely associated with underweight, while child fosterage and goats/sheep sold were positively associated with hyperhomocysteinemia. Children living at home were inversely associated with VAD, particularly with larger land size, and positively associated with milk retinol. Milk folate was positively associated with hyperhomocysteinemia.

Conclusions

Behavioral buffering strategies, such as fostering out children, offer incomplete protection against maternal malnutrition. The lack of effects of investigated behavioral buffering strategies on milk variables suggests physiological buffering closes the gap left by incomplete behavioral buffering. Dual behavioral-physiological buffering facilitates the drought adaptability of agropastoralists, yet heavy reliance on physiological buffering for micronutrients suggests high maternal cost.

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来源期刊
CiteScore
4.80
自引率
13.80%
发文量
124
审稿时长
4-8 weeks
期刊介绍: The American Journal of Human Biology is the Official Journal of the Human Biology Association. The American Journal of Human Biology is a bimonthly, peer-reviewed, internationally circulated journal that publishes reports of original research, theoretical articles and timely reviews, and brief communications in the interdisciplinary field of human biology. As the official journal of the Human Biology Association, the Journal also publishes abstracts of research presented at its annual scientific meeting and book reviews relevant to the field. The Journal seeks scholarly manuscripts that address all aspects of human biology, health, and disease, particularly those that stress comparative, developmental, ecological, or evolutionary perspectives. The transdisciplinary areas covered in the Journal include, but are not limited to, epidemiology, genetic variation, population biology and demography, physiology, anatomy, nutrition, growth and aging, physical performance, physical activity and fitness, ecology, and evolution, along with their interactions. The Journal publishes basic, applied, and methodologically oriented research from all areas, including measurement, analytical techniques and strategies, and computer applications in human biology. Like many other biologically oriented disciplines, the field of human biology has undergone considerable growth and diversification in recent years, and the expansion of the aims and scope of the Journal is a reflection of this growth and membership diversification. The Journal is committed to prompt review, and priority publication is given to manuscripts with novel or timely findings, and to manuscripts of unusual interest.
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