Recent advancement in surface modification techniques for bio-implants

The demands of bioimplants for the permanent support or for the support during healing periods increasing continuously for improving the quality of life. The research for developing the biocompatible, biodegradable, and sustainable material finding a great attention. The commercialization of biomaterial still facing a challenge due to the uncontrolled wear and degradation specially in biodegradable materials. Similarly, a permanent implants materials like titanium, stainless steel, cobalt, chromium alloys are struggling with stress shielding effects and long-term side effects of metal ion release in the human body. The load bearing implants experienced a wear due to moving contacts. The uncontrolled degradation and wear can be controlled by surface treatment methods by coating, alloying and microstructural treatment. The presented articles critically reviewed the analytical approach of tribo-corrosion measurements and advancement in the coating like conversion and passive coating. Another surface treatment approaches like ion implantation for improving the biocompatibility and tribo-corrosion performance also discussed. Present review article also highlights the effect of grain refinement and alloying on wear corrosion behavior.