Association of Vegetable and Fruit Consumption Patterns with Cognitive Function in Older People with Different BMI Ranges: Findings from China.

Purpose: There is a lack of research on how vegetable and fruit consumption patterns affect cognitive function in older adults with varying BMIs. Therefore, this study aims to explore their relationship, with a special focus on gender differences.

Patients and methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted in Anhui Province, China, between July and September 2019, and information was collected from 6211 participants regarding socio-demographics, the frequency of vegetable and fruit consumption per week, and cognitive function. The study utilized descriptive analysis and binary logistic regression to determine the association between cognitive function and consumption patterns of vegetable and fruit.

Results: There were no statistically significant associations between vegetable and fruit consumption patterns and cognitive function in underweight and obese older adults. Among normal weight men, older adults in the V+/F- (AOR=1.65; 95% CI: 1.16-2.35) and V-/F- (AOR=3.95; 95% CI: 1.86-8.42) groups were more likely to have cognitive impairment compared with the V+/F+ group. However, no associations were observed between the two in women of normal weight. For the overweight women, a higher risk of cognitive impairment was found in the V+/F- group (AOR=1.54; 95% CI: 1.12-2.11), while older men did not.

Conclusion: The correlation between vegetable and fruit consumption patterns and cognitive function varies among older adults with different BMIs. Findings suggest the need for targeted nutritional interventions for these communities to maintain cognitive function in older adults.