采用高通量孢子萌发试验评价农药对丛枝菌根真菌的毒性。

IF 3.8 2区 生物学 Q2 MYCOLOGY
Marjan Roshanfekrrad, Christos Papadopoulos, Maryline Calonne-Salmon, Carolin Schneider, Kunyang Zhang, Dimitrios Karpouzas, Stephan Declerck
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引用次数: 0

摘要

农药是帮助确保作物产量的基本农业投入。然而,它们可以影响非目标土壤微生物,包括丛枝菌根(AM)真菌,这些真菌是农药对土壤微生物群毒性的潜在指标。在这里,我们开发了一种快速通道高通量孢子萌发试验,用于体外生产的AM真菌。本试验可测定EC50值和农药对AM真菌孢子的作用性质(杀真菌或抑真菌)。首先,对根食菌MUCL 49410进行了19种有效成分的鉴定。其次,对其中5种化合物分别在3种AM真菌(Rhizophagus irregularis MUCL 41833、Rhizophagus clarus MUCL 46238和Rhizophagus aggregatus MUCL 49408)上进行了毒性试验。结果表明,农药的毒性随其化学性质、浓度和AM真菌种类的不同而不同。除3,5,6-三氯-2-吡啶醇(TCP,毒死蜱的一种转化产物)外,杀虫剂和除草剂在使用推荐剂量时对土壤中预期浓度的孢子萌发没有有害影响,不像大多数杀菌剂对一种或多种AM真菌有影响。氟菌腈和嘧菌酯是迄今为止问题最大的杀菌剂,而聚集菌对农药最敏感。因此,这种AM真菌可以作为一个很好的指标,用于标准的生态毒性测试。总之,我们提出了一种快速、高通量的检测系统,以孢子萌发为相关终点,评估农药对AM真菌的毒性,可作为农药风险评估的一级筛选工具。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Development of a high-throughput spore germination test to assess the toxicity of pesticides on arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi.

Pesticides are essential agricultural inputs that help securing crop yields. However, they can affect non-target soil microorganisms, including arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi, that are potential indicators of the toxicity of pesticides on the soil microbiota. Here, we developed a fast-track high-throughput spore germination test, for AM fungi produced in vitro. This test allows the determination of EC50 values and the nature of the effects of pesticides on AM fungal spores (fungicidal or fungistatic). First, 19 active ingredients were tested on Rhizophagus intraradices MUCL 49410. Secondly, five of these compounds, varying in their toxicity to R. intraradices, were tested on three additional AM fungi (Rhizophagus irregularis MUCL 41833, Rhizophagus clarus MUCL 46238 and Rhizophagus aggregatus MUCL 49408). Our results showed that the toxicity of pesticides varied according to their chemical nature, concentration and AM fungal species tested. With the exception of 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol (TCP, a transformation product of chlorpyrifos), insecticides and herbicides had no detrimental effect on spore germination at the concentration expected in soil upon application of the recommended dose, unlike most fungicides, which had an impact on one or more AM fungi. Fludioxonil and pyraclostrobin were by far the most problematic fungicide and R. aggregatus the most sensitive strain to pesticides. This AM fungus could thus be a good indicator to be used in standard ecotoxicity testing. In conclusion, we present a fast-track, high-throughput testing system for assessing the toxicity of pesticides on AM fungi, using spore germination as a relevant endpoint, that could be used as a first-tier screening tool in pesticide risk assessment.

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来源期刊
Mycorrhiza
Mycorrhiza 生物-真菌学
CiteScore
8.20
自引率
2.60%
发文量
40
审稿时长
6-12 weeks
期刊介绍: Mycorrhiza is an international journal devoted to research into mycorrhizas - the widest symbioses in nature, involving plants and a range of soil fungi world-wide. The scope of Mycorrhiza covers all aspects of research into mycorrhizas, including molecular biology of the plants and fungi, fungal systematics, development and structure of mycorrhizas, and effects on plant physiology, productivity, reproduction and disease resistance. The scope also includes interactions between mycorrhizal fungi and other soil organisms and effects of mycorrhizas on plant biodiversity and ecosystem structure. Mycorrhiza contains original papers, short notes and review articles, along with commentaries and news items. It forms a platform for new concepts and discussions, and is a basis for a truly international forum of mycorrhizologists from all over the world.
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