革兰氏阴性菌抗生素耐药性传播的水平基因转移系统。

IF 1.9 4区 医学 Q4 IMMUNOLOGY
Jun-Ichi Wachino
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引用次数: 0

摘要

耐药细菌已成为全球公共卫生的重大威胁,因为治疗难度越来越大。这些细菌通过特殊的基因转移机制结合各种抗生素耐药基因(ARGs)获得耐药性,使它们能够逃避抗生素的攻击。偶联、转化和转导是驱动革兰氏阴性菌中ARGs获取和传播的成熟机制。特别是,携带多种ARGs的质粒的水平转移是非常有问题的,因为它可以立即将易感细菌转化为耐多药细菌。由噬菌体从宿主细胞中包装含有ARG的染色体DNA介导的转导在ARG传播中也起着至关重要的作用,而不需要直接的细胞间接触。最近,一种新的涉及外膜囊泡(omv)的水平基因转移(HGT)机制被确定为ARG传播的关键参与者。细菌在生长过程中产生的纳米级球形结构omv已被发现携带含有宿主细菌ARGs的小质粒和染色体DNA片段。这种新发现的转移过程被称为“vesiduction”,它使细胞间DNA交换成为可能,并进一步促进了抗生素耐药性的传播。此外,可移动的遗传元件,如转座子、插入序列和位点特异性重组系统,如整合子,促进了ARGs的重排,包括它们在染色体和质粒之间的易位。这篇综述探讨了ARGs HGT的分子机制,特别关注临床分离的耐药革兰氏阴性菌。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Horizontal Gene Transfer Systems for Spread of Antibiotic Resistance in Gram-Negative Bacteria.

Antibiotic-resistant bacteria have become a significant global threat to public health due to the increasing difficulty in treatment. These bacteria acquire resistance by incorporating various antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) through specialized gene transfer mechanisms, allowing them to evade antibiotic attacks. Conjugation, transformation, and transduction are well-established mechanisms that drive the acquisition and dissemination of ARGs in Gram-negative bacteria. In particular, the horizontal transfer of plasmids carrying multiple ARGs is highly problematic, as it can instantly convert susceptible bacteria into multidrug-resistant ones. Transduction, mediated by bacteriophages that package ARG-containing chromosomal DNA from host cells, also plays a crucial role in ARG spread without requiring direct cell-to-cell contact. Recently, a novel horizontal gene transfer (HGT) mechanism involving outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) has been identified as a key player in ARG dissemination. OMVs-nanoscale, spherical structures produced by bacteria during growth-have been found to carry small plasmids and chromosomal DNA fragments containing ARGs from their host bacteria. This newly discovered transfer process, termed "vesiduction," enables intercellular DNA exchange and further contributes to the spread of antibiotic resistance. Additionally, mobile genetic elements such as transposons, insertion sequences, and site-specific recombination systems like integrons facilitate rearrangement of ARGs, including their translocation between chromosomes and plasmids. This review explores the molecular mechanisms underlying the HGT of ARGs, with a particular focus on clinically isolated antibiotic-resistant Gram-negative bacteria.

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来源期刊
Microbiology and Immunology
Microbiology and Immunology 医学-免疫学
CiteScore
5.20
自引率
3.80%
发文量
78
审稿时长
1 months
期刊介绍: Microbiology and Immunology is published in association with Japanese Society for Bacteriology, Japanese Society for Virology, and Japanese Society for Host Defense Research. It is peer-reviewed publication that provides insight into the study of microbes and the host immune, biological and physiological responses. Fields covered by Microbiology and Immunology include:Bacteriology|Virology|Immunology|pathogenic infections in human, animals and plants|pathogenicity and virulence factors such as microbial toxins and cell-surface components|factors involved in host defense, inflammation, development of vaccines|antimicrobial agents and drug resistance of microbes|genomics and proteomics.
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