{"title":"先天性青光眼的视盘形态。","authors":"Arnav Panigrahi, Nikhil Sawant, Manzoor Ahmad Malik, Shikha Gupta, Anurag Kumar, Swati Phuljhele, Parul Sony, Viney Gupta","doi":"10.1038/s41433-025-03839-6","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This cross sectional study aimed to evaluate the optic disc morphology with respect to the optic disc size, tilt and torsion in eyes of children with congenital glaucoma.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Children with congenital glaucoma (controlled with therapy), including primary congenital glaucoma (PCG) and those with Axenfeld-Rieger Malformation (ARM) who were now cooperative for fundus photography and scanning laser ophthalmoscopy, were recruited. Controls were age and gender matched children, who were following up at our institute for refractive error or had undergone strabismus surgery before the age of 3 years and were now old enough to cooperate for a fundus photography. Fundus photographs were evaluated using Image J processing software to obtain optic disc tilt and torsion. Axial length (AL) and optic disc area (DA) were correlated with the disc tilt and torsion. The axial length, optic disc area, optic disc tilt, optic disc torsion were compared between affected eyes with PCG with those of healthy controls and the unaffected eyes of unilateral PCG as well as between PCG and those with ARM.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Affected eyes of children with PCG (n = 109) had a DA (2.3 ± 0.7 mm<sup>2</sup> vs. 2.1 ± 0.5 mm<sup>2</sup>), disc tilt (1.1 ± 0.1 vs. 1.1 ± 0.2) and disc torsion (median 10 vs. 6 degree) not significantly different (p = 0.8, p = 1, p = 0.61 respectively) from eyes of healthy children (n = 96). Mean AL in PCG eyes was significantly greater (p < 0.028) than in healthy control eyes and correlated with the DA in PCG eyes (Pearson correlation=0.32, p = 0.014). Affected eyes of children with unilateral congenital glaucoma (n = 33) had a DA (2.3 ± 0.54 mm<sup>2</sup> vs. 2.1 ± 0.54 mm<sup>2</sup>), disc tilt (1.1 ± 0.09 vs. 1.1 ± 0.1) and disc torsion (median 10 vs. 10 degree) not significantly different (p = 0.64, p = 0.1, p = 0.75 respectively) from the unaffected eyes. However, eyes of patients with ARM had higher disc torsion compared to controls (p = 0.043).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Despite axial elongation, the optic disc morphology of children with primary congenital glaucoma are not significantly different from healthy controls.</p>","PeriodicalId":12125,"journal":{"name":"Eye","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8000,"publicationDate":"2025-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Optic disc morphology in congenital glaucoma.\",\"authors\":\"Arnav Panigrahi, Nikhil Sawant, Manzoor Ahmad Malik, Shikha Gupta, Anurag Kumar, Swati Phuljhele, Parul Sony, Viney Gupta\",\"doi\":\"10.1038/s41433-025-03839-6\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This cross sectional study aimed to evaluate the optic disc morphology with respect to the optic disc size, tilt and torsion in eyes of children with congenital glaucoma.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Children with congenital glaucoma (controlled with therapy), including primary congenital glaucoma (PCG) and those with Axenfeld-Rieger Malformation (ARM) who were now cooperative for fundus photography and scanning laser ophthalmoscopy, were recruited. Controls were age and gender matched children, who were following up at our institute for refractive error or had undergone strabismus surgery before the age of 3 years and were now old enough to cooperate for a fundus photography. Fundus photographs were evaluated using Image J processing software to obtain optic disc tilt and torsion. Axial length (AL) and optic disc area (DA) were correlated with the disc tilt and torsion. The axial length, optic disc area, optic disc tilt, optic disc torsion were compared between affected eyes with PCG with those of healthy controls and the unaffected eyes of unilateral PCG as well as between PCG and those with ARM.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Affected eyes of children with PCG (n = 109) had a DA (2.3 ± 0.7 mm<sup>2</sup> vs. 2.1 ± 0.5 mm<sup>2</sup>), disc tilt (1.1 ± 0.1 vs. 1.1 ± 0.2) and disc torsion (median 10 vs. 6 degree) not significantly different (p = 0.8, p = 1, p = 0.61 respectively) from eyes of healthy children (n = 96). Mean AL in PCG eyes was significantly greater (p < 0.028) than in healthy control eyes and correlated with the DA in PCG eyes (Pearson correlation=0.32, p = 0.014). Affected eyes of children with unilateral congenital glaucoma (n = 33) had a DA (2.3 ± 0.54 mm<sup>2</sup> vs. 2.1 ± 0.54 mm<sup>2</sup>), disc tilt (1.1 ± 0.09 vs. 1.1 ± 0.1) and disc torsion (median 10 vs. 10 degree) not significantly different (p = 0.64, p = 0.1, p = 0.75 respectively) from the unaffected eyes. However, eyes of patients with ARM had higher disc torsion compared to controls (p = 0.043).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Despite axial elongation, the optic disc morphology of children with primary congenital glaucoma are not significantly different from healthy controls.</p>\",\"PeriodicalId\":12125,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Eye\",\"volume\":\" \",\"pages\":\"\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":2.8000,\"publicationDate\":\"2025-05-14\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Eye\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"3\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41433-025-03839-6\",\"RegionNum\":3,\"RegionCategory\":\"医学\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q1\",\"JCRName\":\"OPHTHALMOLOGY\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Eye","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41433-025-03839-6","RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"OPHTHALMOLOGY","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
摘要
目的：本横断面研究旨在评价先天性青光眼儿童视盘形态与视盘大小、倾斜和扭转的关系。方法：选取经治疗控制的先天性青光眼患儿，包括原发性先天性青光眼（PCG）和Axenfeld-Rieger畸形（ARM）患儿，目前配合眼底摄影和扫描激光眼底镜检查。对照组是年龄和性别匹配的儿童，他们在我们的研究所接受了屈光不正的随访，或者在3岁之前接受了斜视手术，现在已经到了可以配合眼底摄影的年龄。使用Image J处理软件对眼底照片进行评估，获得视盘倾斜和扭转。轴向长度（AL）和视盘面积（DA）与视盘倾斜和扭转相关。比较单侧PCG病变眼与健康对照眼、单侧PCG未病变眼、PCG与ARM眼的视轴长度、视盘面积、视盘倾斜、视盘扭转。结果：PCG患儿（n = 109）的DA（2.3±0.7 mm2 vs. 2.1±0.5 mm2）、椎间盘倾斜（1.1±0.1 vs. 1.1±0.2）和椎间盘扭转（中位数10 vs. 6度）与健康儿童（n = 96）的差异无统计学意义（p = 0.8, p = 1, p = 0.61）。PCG组的平均AL显著高于正常组（p = 0.64, p = 0.1, p = 0.75），椎间盘倾斜（p = 1.1±0.09,p = 1.1±0.1）和椎间盘扭转（中位数10，p = 0.64, p = 0.1, p = 0.75）。然而，与对照组相比，ARM患者的眼睛椎间盘扭转更高（p = 0.043）。结论：原发性先天性青光眼患儿视盘形态虽有轴向伸长，但与健康对照无显著差异。
Objectives: This cross sectional study aimed to evaluate the optic disc morphology with respect to the optic disc size, tilt and torsion in eyes of children with congenital glaucoma.
Methods: Children with congenital glaucoma (controlled with therapy), including primary congenital glaucoma (PCG) and those with Axenfeld-Rieger Malformation (ARM) who were now cooperative for fundus photography and scanning laser ophthalmoscopy, were recruited. Controls were age and gender matched children, who were following up at our institute for refractive error or had undergone strabismus surgery before the age of 3 years and were now old enough to cooperate for a fundus photography. Fundus photographs were evaluated using Image J processing software to obtain optic disc tilt and torsion. Axial length (AL) and optic disc area (DA) were correlated with the disc tilt and torsion. The axial length, optic disc area, optic disc tilt, optic disc torsion were compared between affected eyes with PCG with those of healthy controls and the unaffected eyes of unilateral PCG as well as between PCG and those with ARM.
Results: Affected eyes of children with PCG (n = 109) had a DA (2.3 ± 0.7 mm2 vs. 2.1 ± 0.5 mm2), disc tilt (1.1 ± 0.1 vs. 1.1 ± 0.2) and disc torsion (median 10 vs. 6 degree) not significantly different (p = 0.8, p = 1, p = 0.61 respectively) from eyes of healthy children (n = 96). Mean AL in PCG eyes was significantly greater (p < 0.028) than in healthy control eyes and correlated with the DA in PCG eyes (Pearson correlation=0.32, p = 0.014). Affected eyes of children with unilateral congenital glaucoma (n = 33) had a DA (2.3 ± 0.54 mm2 vs. 2.1 ± 0.54 mm2), disc tilt (1.1 ± 0.09 vs. 1.1 ± 0.1) and disc torsion (median 10 vs. 10 degree) not significantly different (p = 0.64, p = 0.1, p = 0.75 respectively) from the unaffected eyes. However, eyes of patients with ARM had higher disc torsion compared to controls (p = 0.043).
Conclusion: Despite axial elongation, the optic disc morphology of children with primary congenital glaucoma are not significantly different from healthy controls.
期刊介绍：
Eye seeks to provide the international practising ophthalmologist with high quality articles, of academic rigour, on the latest global clinical and laboratory based research. Its core aim is to advance the science and practice of ophthalmology with the latest clinical- and scientific-based research. Whilst principally aimed at the practising clinician, the journal contains material of interest to a wider readership including optometrists, orthoptists, other health care professionals and research workers in all aspects of the field of visual science worldwide. Eye is the official journal of The Royal College of Ophthalmologists.
Eye encourages the submission of original articles covering all aspects of ophthalmology including: external eye disease; oculo-plastic surgery; orbital and lacrimal disease; ocular surface and corneal disorders; paediatric ophthalmology and strabismus; glaucoma; medical and surgical retina; neuro-ophthalmology; cataract and refractive surgery; ocular oncology; ophthalmic pathology; ophthalmic genetics.
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