Applications, Ethical Considerations, and Patient Perspectives on Artificial Intelligence in Dermatologic Surgery: Focus on Mohs Surgery.

Background: Artificial intelligence (AI) is increasingly used in health care and has the potential to revolutionize Mohs micrographic surgery (MMS) by improving diagnostic accuracy and workflow efficiency.

Objective: To provide an overview of AI in MMS, including its principles, applications, limitations, ethical considerations, and patient perceptions.

Materials and methods: A comprehensive search of PubMed was conducted for studies published from 2010 onward using the following key terms: ("Artificial Intelligence" OR "Machine Learning") AND ("Dermatologic Surgery" OR "Dermatology" OR "Mohs Surgery") AND ("Ethics" OR "Patient Perspectives"), along with related MeSH terms.

Results: AI applications, including diagnostic support, histologic classification, and workflow optimization, demonstrate potential to enhance efficiency and clinical outcomes. Studies report high accuracy in tumor detection, case complexity prediction, and surgical planning, yet challenges remain, particularly in data privacy, transparency, informed consent, and algorithmic bias. Patient attitudes are mixed, with most preferring AI as an assistive tool rather than a standalone diagnostic system. Although AI has been shown to streamline workflows and improve procedural efficiency, its clinical adoption is still in early stages, requiring further validation, regulatory approval, and standardization.

Conclusion: AI can enhance efficiency, accuracy, and outcomes in MMS, but its implementation must prioritize patient welfare, transparency, and accountability.