已知最早的猿类灵长类辐射

IF 2 3区 生物学 Q1 ZOOLOGY
Nelson M. Novo, Gabriel M. Martin, Laureano R. González Ruiz, Marcelo F. Tejedor
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引用次数: 0

摘要

来自巴塔哥尼亚中新世的两个更有趣和有争议的长颈龙灵长类类群是Soriacebus和Mazzonicebus。虽然它们基本上是从孤立的牙齿和部分的下颌骨和上颌知道的,但它们的形态是非常独特的。它们的系统发育关系众说纷纭。我们将这些化石解释为属于解剖学衍生的,活着的猿类种子捕食者的谱系;另一些人则认为,它们是与猿人有趋同适应的平颈类(巴塔哥尼亚的原始古猿是唯一的例外),是与猿人碰巧趋同的远亲。本文从两个方面对这些假设进行了验证:(1)通过对分类信息性状的总结分析;(2)利用TNT软件包进行“盲”简约分析,包括形态和分子数据的组合矩阵,以及其他矩阵的复制研究。我们在分析中对简约的应用方法论进行了一些批判。sooriacebus和Mazzonicebus在松酸类分支中形成了深巢的姊妹类群;因此,根据我们的推断,它们不是干斜颈。将它们与较年轻的、公认的猿类化石原猿(Proteropithecia)、Nuciruptor和头猿(Cebupithecia)区分开来的大多数差异被解释为具有更原始的特征状态;绝大多数相似之处及其更广泛的功能模式都是确定的猿类,以现存的猿类(sakis和uakaris)为代表。因此,我们发现这里所处理的中新世巴塔哥尼亚属中没有一个可以可靠地解释为长颈颈龙。相反,他们倾向于认可“长血统假说”。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
The Earliest Known Radiation of Pitheciine Primates

Two of the more interesting and controversial platyrrhine primate taxa from the Miocene of Patagonia are Soriacebus and Mazzonicebus. Although they are known basically from isolated teeth and partial mandibles and maxillae, their morphology is highly distinctive. Opinions about their phylogenetic relationships differ widely. We interpret these fossils as belonging to the lineage of the anatomically derived, living pitheciine seed-predators; others hold the view that they are stem platyrrhines with convergent adaptations with pitheciines (with the single exception of Proteropithecia among the Patagonian forms), somewhat distant relatives converging coincidently with pitheciines. Here we tested these hypotheses in two ways: (1) by summarizing a character analysis of taxonomically informative traits; (2) we implemented “blind” parsimony analyses using the software package TNT, including a combined matrix of both morphological and molecular data, and replication studies of other matrices. We make some criticisms on the applied methodology of Parsimony in our analysis. Soriacebus and Mazzonicebus resulted sister-taxa nested deeply within the pitheciid clade; thus, and according to our inferences, they are not stem platyrrhines. Most of the differences separating them from the younger and uniformly recognized pitheciine fossils Proteropithecia, Nuciruptor and Cebupithecia are explained as being of more primitive character states; the vast majority of resemblances and their broader functional patterns are definitively pitheciine, as typified by the living pitheciines (sakis and uakaris). We therefore found that none of the Miocene Patagonian genera treated here can be reliably interpreted as stem platyrrhines. Rather, they tend to ratify the Long Lineage Hypothesis.

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来源期刊
CiteScore
4.50
自引率
8.30%
发文量
103
审稿时长
4-8 weeks
期刊介绍: The objective of the American Journal of Primatology is to provide a forum for the exchange of ideas and findings among primatologists and to convey our increasing understanding of this order of animals to specialists and interested readers alike. Primatology is an unusual science in that its practitioners work in a wide variety of departments and institutions, live in countries throughout the world, and carry out a vast range of research procedures. Whether we are anthropologists, psychologists, biologists, or medical researchers, whether we live in Japan, Kenya, Brazil, or the United States, whether we conduct naturalistic observations in the field or experiments in the lab, we are united in our goal of better understanding primates. Our studies of nonhuman primates are of interest to scientists in many other disciplines ranging from entomology to sociology.
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