A hybrid snow ablation optimized multi-strategy particle swarm optimizer for parameter estimation of proton exchange membrane fuel cell

The research presents Snow Ablation Optimized Multi-strategy Particle Swarm Optimization (SAO-MPSO) as an algorithm to perform accurate parameter estimation of proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). The four optimization methods PSO, PPSO, AGPSO, and VPPSO fail to achieve proper exploration–exploitation balance which results in poor parameter tuning outcomes. SAO-MPSO assumes a framework where snow ablation search elements combine with multi-strategy reproduction methods to accelerate both speed-to-convergence and analysis precision. SAO-MPSO demonstrates excellent accuracy and stability when tested on six commercial PEMFC models under different operating conditions. SAO-MPSO demonstrates superior performance by reaching the lowest error metrics alongside the fastest convergence speed thus becoming an optimal optimization tool for PEMFC modeling. The obtained results demonstrate the reliability of this method for fuel cell parameter optimization which can lead to its application in real-time energy systems. The upcoming research will concentrate on developing SAO-MPSO for extensive fuel cell implementations and additional energy technology domains.