Review of mechanisms and detection methods of internal short circuits in lithium-ion batteries

The safety of lithium-ion batteries is one of the bottlenecks restricting the large-scale application of the new energy industry. This paper begins by identifying battery failures as the main cause of vehicle malfunctions and reviews relevant domestic and international literature on internal battery short circuits. An index analysis map of the internal short circuit literature is established. From the cascade reaction mechanism that typical failures such as internal short-circuit and lithium precipitation evolve into thermal runaway, the paper explores three triggering methods: traditional experiments, novel experiments and computer simulations. Finally, the coupling mecha-nism of lithium dendrite growth and mechanical abuse on the chain reaction of internal short-circuit-thermal runaway is systematically explained. The paper systematically summarizes the detection methods for lithium deposition and thermal runaway, which helps to enhance the overall safety of battery systems. This provides a solid theoretical foundation for optimizing safety early warning schemes to-wards the goals of speed, accuracy, and stability.