Thermal evaluation of curved stretching surface with porosity and ternary hybrid nanofluid: Utilizing a shooting numerical approach

The utilization of hybrid nanofluid is a favorable strategy for enhancing thermal properties of basic fluid, improving performance and consistency of mechanical systems, due to its vast applications in thermal devices and enhancing the efficiencies of such devices. The physical structure of the surfaces used in the above areas is mainly focused for better efficiencies. The key role of hybrid nanofluids in thermal apparatus is particularly pronounced in the contemporary context of energy crises. This research is dedicated to scrutinizing the thermal enhancing effects in ternary hybrid nanofluid flow caused by stretchable curved surface placed inside a magnetic field incorporating porous medium, nonlinear radiation, as well as heat source parameters. The systems of equations are tackled in the partial differential form, subsequently transformed into ordinary form and solved numerically by shooting technique using MATLAB software. The numerical results show that increasing values of radiation parameter leads to an increase in temperature distribution, while an enhancement in the magnetic effect results a decrease in velocity. The novelty of this article lies in the complete analysis of ternary hybrid nanofluids under the influence of magnetic effect, heat source and nonlinear thermal radiation over a curved stretching surface, incorporating porous media. Three distinct types of nanoparticles are considered and graphically discussed with the effects of different parameters on velocity and temperature profile. Furthermore, the comparison effect of all three types of nanoparticles is made and shown in the graphical section.