Kristina L. Small , Deepa Angal-Kalinin , James K. Jones , Roger M. Jones
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VHEE facilities in Europe with the potential for FLASH dose irradiation: Conspectus and dose rate parameterisation
Very High Energy Electrons (VHEE) are gaining significant interest in combination with FLASH radiotherapy as a potential cancer treatment with potential reduction in side effects. This study reviews European VHEE facilities, their FLASH capabilities and applications to radiobiological research, with study objectives:
1.
Determining FLASH capabilities through Monte Carlo beam modelling and fitting to analytical functions.
2.
Assessing VHEE facility infrastructure suitability for radiobiological research.
Parameter variation studies were performed to determine dose dependency on beam dimension and source-to-surface distance (SSD). The dose rate was calculated from surface dose, linearly scaled based on the beamline. Empirical dose rate functions were developed, with an average discrepancy < 3 % between simulation and fit data. Dose rates were compared to the FLASH threshold of 40 Gy/s.
Further parameter and infrastructure considerations provided an overview of each facility’s radiobiological experiment capabilities, providing researchers with a useful resource in designing and planning of future VHEE-FLASH experiments.
期刊介绍:
Section B of Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research covers all aspects of the interaction of energetic beams with atoms, molecules and aggregate forms of matter. This includes ion beam analysis and ion beam modification of materials as well as basic data of importance for these studies. Topics of general interest include: atomic collisions in solids, particle channelling, all aspects of collision cascades, the modification of materials by energetic beams, ion implantation, irradiation - induced changes in materials, the physics and chemistry of beam interactions and the analysis of materials by all forms of energetic radiation. Modification by ion, laser and electron beams for the study of electronic materials, metals, ceramics, insulators, polymers and other important and new materials systems are included. Related studies, such as the application of ion beam analysis to biological, archaeological and geological samples as well as applications to solve problems in planetary science are also welcome. Energetic beams of interest include atomic and molecular ions, neutrons, positrons and muons, plasmas directed at surfaces, electron and photon beams, including laser treated surfaces and studies of solids by photon radiation from rotating anodes, synchrotrons, etc. In addition, the interaction between various forms of radiation and radiation-induced deposition processes are relevant.