Conservation status of avian and fauna in the Hadejia Wetlands National Park: A Ramsar site assessment

The Hadejia Wetlands National Park (HWNP), a crucial Ramsar site serves as an essential wintering ground for numerous bird species. This study, conducted from June 2023 to June 2024, utilized a combination of direct and indirect approaches and ArcGIS, to provide the most comprehensive data on avian and other fauna of the HWNP. We recorded a total of 80,399 individual birds representing 246 species. Among the notable findings were the rediscovery of the Isabelline Shrike (Lanius isabellinus) and a leucistic White-billed Buffalo Weaver (Bubalornis albirostris). Our research documented several rare and range-restricted species, including three Near-Threatened and four Vulnerable species. Additionally, we recorded ten species (4%) that had not been previously documented in HWNP. Regarding the seasonal effects on bird abundance and diversity, the cold season showed a significant marked increase in bird numbers compared to the hot and rainy seasons, but there was a distinct reduction in bird diversity during this time (Kruskal-Wallis: H = [value], p < 0.05). Furthermore, we identified 49 butterfly species, 10 dragonfly species, 15 reptile species, and 13 mammal species. These findings emphasized the need for improved conservation strategies to mitigate human threats and protect this vital protected area. Future research should prioritize long-term monitoring to track population trends of widespread and vulnerable species and examine the impacts of habitat degradation and climate change on the park's biodiversity.