Dynamics of radionuclide movement in forests: A review of Chernobyl and Fukushima impact studies

The Chernobyl (1986) and Fukushima (2011) nuclear accidents have left lasting environmental impacts, particularly in forest ecosystems. Radioactive contamination in these areas has persisted for decades, influencing not only the landscape but also the biological cycles within these ecosystems. This review focuses on the long-term dynamics of radionuclide movement in forest environments, specifically examining the case studies of Chernobyl and Fukushima. We explore how radionuclides are transported through forest soil, water, plants, and wildlife, highlighting key factors such as soil type, climate, and forest structure. The review synthesizes research on the bioaccumulation of radioactive materials in trees, mushrooms, and wildlife, and discusses the interactions between radionuclides and biotic components. By comparing the two sites, this review identifies common trends and region-specific dynamics, offering insights into the broader implications for forest management and environmental remediation in post-nuclear accident landscapes. The paper concludes by identifying knowledge gaps and suggesting directions for future research into radionuclide behavior in forest ecosystems.