Centerline temperature distribution of compartment spray fire under limited ceiling ventilation

To explore the centerline plume temperature distribution of a spray fire in a compartment with restricted ventilation, a series of experiments were conducted in a ceiling ventilated enclosure. The investigation assessed three distinct ceiling vent sizes and five varying injection pressures. Results indicate that injection pressure significantly enhances the average fire plume temperature. Conversely, the positive effect of vent size on the average fire plume temperature is predominantly observed within the height range of 0.34 m–1.34 m, while it exhibits a counteracting influence between 1.54 m and 1.74 m. A new predictive formula for the average fire plume temperature, which accounts for ceiling ventilation effects, was developed and demonstrates excellent consistency with experimental data.