Perspectives on Personalized Treatment in Difficult-to-Treat Depression: A Case Report.

Introduction: This case highlights the unique challenge of difficult-to-treat depression (DTD), a complex condition that distinguishes itself from treatment-resistant depression (TRD) due to its multifaceted nature. DTD is characterized by comorbidities, childhood trauma, symptomatic variability, personal history, substance use, and adherence issues, presenting a significant clinical challenge. Unlike TRD, typically defined by the failure of at least two adequate pharmacological treatments, DTD requires a more comprehensive approach. Recent literature supports a multidisciplinary treatment strategy as the most effective in managing DTD. The patient's main concerns and important clinical findings: We present the case of a 63-year-old female patient with a long-standing history of unresolved depressive disorder despite multiple pharmacological treatments. Her primary concerns included severe anhedonia, persistent suicidal ideation, and impaired personal and familial functioning. The patient's history included prior failed treatments, highlighting the complexity of her case. Primary diagnoses, interventions, and outcomes: The patient was diagnosed with DTD. A personalized treatment plan was implemented, integrating a clearly defined multidisciplinary approach: pharmacotherapy, psychotherapy (with a focus on grief and trauma processing), and psychosocial support, including active family involvement through psychoeducation sessions. Neurostimulation techniques were discussed as a potential alternative but were not applied in this case. Over time, the patient demonstrated significant improvement, with a reduction in depressive symptoms, resolution of suicidal ideation, and enhanced personal and familial functioning. Conclusion: This case underscores the need for a personalized treatment approach for DTD that goes beyond pharmacotherapy to include psychotherapy, psychosocial support, and alternative options, such as neurostimulation when indicated. Active involvement of patients and their families is crucial, as evidenced by improvements in clinical and functional scores. Continuous monitoring and treatment adjustments based on objective measures (e.g., HRS-D, GAF, DTDQ) further optimize outcomes. The case exemplifies how an integrated treatment strategy can address the complexities of DTD, leading to long-term recovery and improved quality of life. The key takeaway is that managing DTD requires a comprehensive and individualized approach.