{"title":"胆固醇影响磷脂囊泡中由抗菌肽NK-2诱导的孔形成和膜-膜相互作用。","authors":"Surajit Das, Rajeev Jain, Kalyan Kumar Banerjee, Pabitra Maity, Krishnananda Chattopadhyay, Sanat Karmakar","doi":"10.1007/s00232-025-00347-2","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Antimicrobial peptides are part of the innate immune response and show their antimicrobial activity by forming pores, followed by disintegration of the membrane. Cholesterol in the membrane can affect the pore formation process, as cholesterol is known to alter the permeability and elastic properties of the membrane. The present research systematically explores the role of cholesterol in modulating the interaction of the antimicrobial peptide NK-2 with phospholipid membranes, as well as the processes of pore formation induced by NK-2 within the membrane. Large unilamellar vesicles (LUVs) and giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs) made from DOPC-DOPG and Egg PC with varying cholesterol concentrations have been studied using a variety of experimental techniques. The present study revealed that both the magnitude of zeta potential and surface charge density diminished as cholesterol concentrations increased at an intermediate NK-2 concentration. The proliferation of the size distributions of LUVs containing cholesterol when exposed to NK-2 indicates the occurrence of vesicle aggregation. The phase contrast micrographs of GUVs as well as the calcein release experiments on LUVs show evidence of pores. Notably, the incorporation of cholesterol into the membrane was found to have a significant effect on both the permeability of the membrane and the kinetics of the pore formation process. This biophysical research contributes essential knowledge regarding the role of cholesterol in influencing the antimicrobial efficacy of the membrane.</p>","PeriodicalId":50129,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Membrane Biology","volume":" ","pages":"237-252"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3000,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Cholesterol Affects the Pore Formation and the Membrane-Membrane Interaction Induced by an Antimicrobial Peptide, NK-2, in Phospholipid Vesicles.\",\"authors\":\"Surajit Das, Rajeev Jain, Kalyan Kumar Banerjee, Pabitra Maity, Krishnananda Chattopadhyay, Sanat Karmakar\",\"doi\":\"10.1007/s00232-025-00347-2\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<p><p>Antimicrobial peptides are part of the innate immune response and show their antimicrobial activity by forming pores, followed by disintegration of the membrane. Cholesterol in the membrane can affect the pore formation process, as cholesterol is known to alter the permeability and elastic properties of the membrane. The present research systematically explores the role of cholesterol in modulating the interaction of the antimicrobial peptide NK-2 with phospholipid membranes, as well as the processes of pore formation induced by NK-2 within the membrane. Large unilamellar vesicles (LUVs) and giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs) made from DOPC-DOPG and Egg PC with varying cholesterol concentrations have been studied using a variety of experimental techniques. The present study revealed that both the magnitude of zeta potential and surface charge density diminished as cholesterol concentrations increased at an intermediate NK-2 concentration. The proliferation of the size distributions of LUVs containing cholesterol when exposed to NK-2 indicates the occurrence of vesicle aggregation. The phase contrast micrographs of GUVs as well as the calcein release experiments on LUVs show evidence of pores. Notably, the incorporation of cholesterol into the membrane was found to have a significant effect on both the permeability of the membrane and the kinetics of the pore formation process. This biophysical research contributes essential knowledge regarding the role of cholesterol in influencing the antimicrobial efficacy of the membrane.</p>\",\"PeriodicalId\":50129,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Journal of Membrane Biology\",\"volume\":\" \",\"pages\":\"237-252\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":2.3000,\"publicationDate\":\"2025-06-01\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Journal of Membrane Biology\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"99\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00232-025-00347-2\",\"RegionNum\":4,\"RegionCategory\":\"生物学\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"2025/5/3 0:00:00\",\"PubModel\":\"Epub\",\"JCR\":\"Q3\",\"JCRName\":\"BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Journal of Membrane Biology","FirstCategoryId":"99","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00232-025-00347-2","RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"2025/5/3 0:00:00","PubModel":"Epub","JCR":"Q3","JCRName":"BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY","Score":null,"Total":0}
Cholesterol Affects the Pore Formation and the Membrane-Membrane Interaction Induced by an Antimicrobial Peptide, NK-2, in Phospholipid Vesicles.
Antimicrobial peptides are part of the innate immune response and show their antimicrobial activity by forming pores, followed by disintegration of the membrane. Cholesterol in the membrane can affect the pore formation process, as cholesterol is known to alter the permeability and elastic properties of the membrane. The present research systematically explores the role of cholesterol in modulating the interaction of the antimicrobial peptide NK-2 with phospholipid membranes, as well as the processes of pore formation induced by NK-2 within the membrane. Large unilamellar vesicles (LUVs) and giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs) made from DOPC-DOPG and Egg PC with varying cholesterol concentrations have been studied using a variety of experimental techniques. The present study revealed that both the magnitude of zeta potential and surface charge density diminished as cholesterol concentrations increased at an intermediate NK-2 concentration. The proliferation of the size distributions of LUVs containing cholesterol when exposed to NK-2 indicates the occurrence of vesicle aggregation. The phase contrast micrographs of GUVs as well as the calcein release experiments on LUVs show evidence of pores. Notably, the incorporation of cholesterol into the membrane was found to have a significant effect on both the permeability of the membrane and the kinetics of the pore formation process. This biophysical research contributes essential knowledge regarding the role of cholesterol in influencing the antimicrobial efficacy of the membrane.
期刊介绍:
The Journal of Membrane Biology is dedicated to publishing high-quality science related to membrane biology, biochemistry and biophysics. In particular, we welcome work that uses modern experimental or computational methods including but not limited to those with microscopy, diffraction, NMR, computer simulations, or biochemistry aimed at membrane associated or membrane embedded proteins or model membrane systems. These methods might be applied to study topics like membrane protein structure and function, membrane mediated or controlled signaling mechanisms, cell-cell communication via gap junctions, the behavior of proteins and lipids based on monolayer or bilayer systems, or genetic and regulatory mechanisms controlling membrane function.
Research articles, short communications and reviews are all welcome. We also encourage authors to consider publishing ''negative'' results where experiments or simulations were well performed, but resulted in unusual or unexpected outcomes without obvious explanations.
While we welcome connections to clinical studies, submissions that are primarily clinical in nature or that fail to make connections to the basic science issues of membrane structure, chemistry and function, are not appropriate for the journal. In a similar way, studies that are primarily descriptive and narratives of assays in a clinical or population study are best published in other journals. If you are not certain, it is entirely appropriate to write to us to inquire if your study is a good fit for the journal.