Standardization of the Assessment of Bovine Spermatozoal Abnormalities, in Relation to Fertility, as Part of the Bull Breeding Soundness Examination.

Research has determined that the percentage morphologically normal sperm in bulls is highly repeatable and strongly correlated with days to conception and calf output in both dairy and beef herds. Currently, however, standardization of the assessment of morphology between laboratories is lacking, leading to inability of the practitioner to gain meaningful evaluations that relate to bull fertility.Here we outline protocols that permit a standardized approach among laboratories that has been successfully used for 20 years. The scheme includes skill updates and training of laboratory personnel along with annual examination of their work. This results in a reliable analysis and report which is easily interpreted by practitioners and used as part of the standard BBSE.This model has enabled increased accuracy of prognosis for practitioners and is well regarded both in Australia and overseas.