Psychosocial aspects of infertility and the impact of assisted reproductive techniques - a comprehensive review.

This review examines the impact of Assisted Reproductive Technology (ART) on prospective parents and born children, as well as their parental relationships, considering their emotional and social context. Specific situations are analyzed, such as gynecological pathologies and heterologous treatments, such as the ROPA (Reception of Oocytes from Partner) method, and the use of gestational surrogacy, which have particular psychosocial impacts. Infertility affects approximately one-third of the global population, leading many to seek ART, which have grown in popularity over the decades. In addition to clinical concerns, the psychosocial impact of these techniques has received increasing attention, given the implications for mental health and family relationships. Based on a narrative review methodology, it analyzes experimental and observational studies on the topic, seeking to understand and evaluate the impact of ART techniques. The results highlight the emotional and ethical complexity associated with treatment decisions, from the decision to engage to these treatments to the psychosocial implications of the different available options. Anxiety and depression are common responses to the challenges faced during treatment, affecting both direct beneficiaries and their interpersonal relationships. Gestational surrogacy and heterologous treatments add layers of complexity. Regarding the impact on parental relationships and the development of children conceived through these methods, it is concluded that, despite concerns, children conceived through ART have the potential to grow and thrive as well as naturally conceived ones. This review emphasizes the importance of an inclusive and holistic approach to treating infertility, recognizing that parenthood goes beyond biological conception.´P)I?J: '+-.