Drug-induced liver injury: Diagnosis, management and the role of liver transplantation.

Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) is caused by various medications or herbals/nutritional supplements resulting in liver test abnormalities or hepatic dysfunction. DILI can be categorized as direct (intrinsic), idiosyncratic, or immune-mediated (indirect), and patterns of injury can be categorized as hepatocellular, cholestatic, or mixed injury. DILI is diagnosed after excluding other causes of liver injury. Cessation of the suspected drug along with supportive care is recommended for most DILI cases. In life-threatening situations, liver transplantation (LT) can be considered; however, the risks with LT and lifelong immunosuppression should be considered. In this paper, we summarize the pathophysiology, diagnosis, medical management, and LT for DILI.