Abedelmalek Kalefh Tabnjh, Sara Alizadehgharib, Guglielmo Campus, Peter Lingström
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The included articles consisted of clinical trials, observational studies, and laboratory investigations that examined the impact of e-cig aerosol on oral bacteria and pro-inflammatory markers and its potential to contribute to dental caries.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The findings indicate that e-cig users may have a higher prevalence of dental caries compared with non-smokers. Most studies focusing on bacteria showed that vaping may inhibit normal flora, giving cariogenic bacteria a chance to grow more. This finding indicates a notable oral health risk associated with vaping. Meta-analyses suggest no effect of using e-cigs on the levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-8 in saliva, even if it may affect their levels in GCF. However, in GCF, only one study reported TNF-α and IL-1β, and only two studies reported IL-6 and IL-8. Nevertheless, the effects of e-cigs on dental caries require further investigation since the data do not provide a clear picture.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>This review emphasises the necessity for ongoing research to clarify the mechanisms that cause these consequences and to guide public health policies aimed at reducing the harm caused by e-cigarettes.</p><p><strong>Systematic review registration: </strong>https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/view/CRD42024537910, PROSPERO (CRD42024537910).</p>","PeriodicalId":94016,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in oral health","volume":"6 ","pages":"1569806"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0000,"publicationDate":"2025-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12021849/pdf/","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"The effects of electronic smoking on dental caries and proinflammatory markers: a systematic review and meta-analysis.\",\"authors\":\"Abedelmalek Kalefh Tabnjh, Sara Alizadehgharib, Guglielmo Campus, Peter Lingström\",\"doi\":\"10.3389/froh.2025.1569806\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Smoking and the use of electronic cigarettes (e-cigs) are common practices that have significant consequences for oral health. 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引用次数: 0
摘要
吸烟和使用电子烟（e-cigs）是对口腔健康有重大影响的常见做法。虽然传统烟草产品对口腔组织的负面影响是众所周知的，但电子烟的出现带来了新的障碍。本综述总结了关于电子烟对口腔健康影响的现有数据，特别强调了龋齿和促炎剂。方法：通过PubMed、Web of Science、Embase和Scopus进行综合检索，确定截至2024年9月发表的相关研究。结构化搜索策略发现了42篇全文阅读的文章。纳入的文章包括临床试验、观察性研究和实验室调查，这些研究考察了电子烟气雾剂对口腔细菌和促炎标志物的影响及其导致龋齿的可能性。结果：研究结果表明，与不吸烟者相比，电子烟使用者可能有更高的龋患病率。大多数针对细菌的研究表明，电子烟可能会抑制正常的菌群，给致龋齿细菌生长更多的机会。这一发现表明了与电子烟有关的显著口腔健康风险。荟萃分析表明，使用电子烟对唾液中TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-6和IL-8的水平没有影响，即使它可能影响GCF中的水平。然而，在GCF中，只有一项研究报道了TNF-α和IL-1β，只有两项研究报道了IL-6和IL-8。然而，电子烟对龋齿的影响还需要进一步的调查，因为数据并没有提供一个清晰的画面。讨论：本综述强调了进行研究的必要性，以澄清导致这些后果的机制，并指导旨在减少电子烟造成的危害的公共卫生政策。系统评价注册：https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/view/CRD42024537910, PROSPERO （CRD42024537910）。
The effects of electronic smoking on dental caries and proinflammatory markers: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Introduction: Smoking and the use of electronic cigarettes (e-cigs) are common practices that have significant consequences for oral health. Although the negative impact of traditional tobacco products on oral tissues is widely known, the emergence of e-cigs poses a new obstacle. This review summarises existing data on the influence of e-cigs on oral health, with a specific emphasis on dental caries and pro-inflammatory agents.
Methods: A comprehensive search was conducted via PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and Scopus to identify relevant studies published until September 2024. The structured search strategy uncovered 42 articles that were read in full text. The included articles consisted of clinical trials, observational studies, and laboratory investigations that examined the impact of e-cig aerosol on oral bacteria and pro-inflammatory markers and its potential to contribute to dental caries.
Results: The findings indicate that e-cig users may have a higher prevalence of dental caries compared with non-smokers. Most studies focusing on bacteria showed that vaping may inhibit normal flora, giving cariogenic bacteria a chance to grow more. This finding indicates a notable oral health risk associated with vaping. Meta-analyses suggest no effect of using e-cigs on the levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-8 in saliva, even if it may affect their levels in GCF. However, in GCF, only one study reported TNF-α and IL-1β, and only two studies reported IL-6 and IL-8. Nevertheless, the effects of e-cigs on dental caries require further investigation since the data do not provide a clear picture.
Discussion: This review emphasises the necessity for ongoing research to clarify the mechanisms that cause these consequences and to guide public health policies aimed at reducing the harm caused by e-cigarettes.
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