{"title":"与早孕流产相关的微生物失衡:阴道微生物群的比较分析。","authors":"Lijie Wang, Ying Chen, Qi Wang, Fang Wang","doi":"10.1080/14767058.2025.2496787","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To explore the role and related functions of vaginal microbiota in early pregnancy loss.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study was a case-control study with a comparison group (reference group). We recruited 178 women, including 73 who had experienced at least one early clinical pregnancy loss and 105 patients with one live birth and no history of pregnancy loss. Data on demographics, disease history, menstrual and reproductive history was collected. The case group patients were sampled immediately upon presenting with pregnancy loss at their first visit. The reference group patients underwent samples when they chose to participate voluntarily. All vaginal discharge was performed DNA Preparation and Metagenomics Sequencing. DNA extraction was performed using the phenol/trichloromethane method and the DNA fragments were then size-selected to 300-700 bp using magnetic beads. The selected fragments were repaired and ligated with indexed adaptors. The captured DNA was amplified again by PCR and circularized to create a single-stranded circular (ssCir) library. The ssCir library was subsequently amplified through rolling circle amplification (RCA) to produce DNA nanoballs (DNBs). The DNBs were then loaded onto a flow cell and sequenced using the DNBSEQ Platform. Nonparametric tests, including Kruskal-Wallis and Wilcoxon tests, were employed. Relative abundance between groups was compared, and differential species selection was performed using the LEfSe software with linear discriminant analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>1. PCoA analysis based on Bray-Curtis distances at the species level revealed a difference between the groups (<i>p</i> = 0.011). At the genus level, α-diversity, assessed using the Shannon, Simpson, and Inverse Simpson indices, indicated higher bacterial richness and diversity in the control group (Shannon: mean 0.554 vs. 0.383, <i>p</i> = 0.0044; Simpson: mean 0.254 vs. 0.179, <i>p</i> = 0.0043; Inverse Simpson: mean 1.636 vs. 1.414, <i>p</i> = 0.0043); At the genus level, 107 microbial genera were identified, 18 of which displayed statistically significant differences. At the species level, 23 microbial species showed significant differences between the two groups. 2. We analyzed the differences in the most abundant phyla, genera, and species, with a particular focus on the top 20 most abundant genera and species. Firmicutes and Proteobacteria were significantly more prevalent among patients with pregnancy loss (PL). Among the top 20 most abundant genera, Streptococcus and Porphyromonas were significantly more abundant in patients with PL, whereas Bifidobacterium was significantly more prevalent in the reference group. Among the 20 most abundant species, Lactobacillus crispatus was significantly more prevalent in patients with PL, whereas common in the control group. 3. Principal Coordinates Analysis (PCoA) of Bray-Curtis distances, highlight their distinct clustering patterns, suggesting a notable difference between the metabolic pathways of the two groups. Key pathways with a negative correlation to PL include those related to amino acid biosynthesis, lipid metabolism, and nucleotide biosynthesis.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our study highlights the association between vaginal microbiota dysbiosis and EPL, identifying specific microbial taxa that may contribute to pregnancy loss. These findings underscore the importance of the vaginal microbiome in reproductive health and open up new avenues for research into microbiome-based diagnostics and therapies. By integrating microbial, immune, and environmental data, future research has the potential to uncover the mechanisms underlying EPL and develop targeted interventions to improve pregnancy outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":50146,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Maternal-Fetal & Neonatal Medicine","volume":"38 1","pages":"2496787"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7000,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Microbial imbalances linked to early pregnancy loss: a comparative analysis of vaginal microbiota.\",\"authors\":\"Lijie Wang, Ying Chen, Qi Wang, Fang Wang\",\"doi\":\"10.1080/14767058.2025.2496787\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To explore the role and related functions of vaginal microbiota in early pregnancy loss.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study was a case-control study with a comparison group (reference group). We recruited 178 women, including 73 who had experienced at least one early clinical pregnancy loss and 105 patients with one live birth and no history of pregnancy loss. Data on demographics, disease history, menstrual and reproductive history was collected. The case group patients were sampled immediately upon presenting with pregnancy loss at their first visit. The reference group patients underwent samples when they chose to participate voluntarily. All vaginal discharge was performed DNA Preparation and Metagenomics Sequencing. DNA extraction was performed using the phenol/trichloromethane method and the DNA fragments were then size-selected to 300-700 bp using magnetic beads. The selected fragments were repaired and ligated with indexed adaptors. The captured DNA was amplified again by PCR and circularized to create a single-stranded circular (ssCir) library. The ssCir library was subsequently amplified through rolling circle amplification (RCA) to produce DNA nanoballs (DNBs). The DNBs were then loaded onto a flow cell and sequenced using the DNBSEQ Platform. Nonparametric tests, including Kruskal-Wallis and Wilcoxon tests, were employed. Relative abundance between groups was compared, and differential species selection was performed using the LEfSe software with linear discriminant analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>1. PCoA analysis based on Bray-Curtis distances at the species level revealed a difference between the groups (<i>p</i> = 0.011). At the genus level, α-diversity, assessed using the Shannon, Simpson, and Inverse Simpson indices, indicated higher bacterial richness and diversity in the control group (Shannon: mean 0.554 vs. 0.383, <i>p</i> = 0.0044; Simpson: mean 0.254 vs. 0.179, <i>p</i> = 0.0043; Inverse Simpson: mean 1.636 vs. 1.414, <i>p</i> = 0.0043); At the genus level, 107 microbial genera were identified, 18 of which displayed statistically significant differences. At the species level, 23 microbial species showed significant differences between the two groups. 2. We analyzed the differences in the most abundant phyla, genera, and species, with a particular focus on the top 20 most abundant genera and species. Firmicutes and Proteobacteria were significantly more prevalent among patients with pregnancy loss (PL). Among the top 20 most abundant genera, Streptococcus and Porphyromonas were significantly more abundant in patients with PL, whereas Bifidobacterium was significantly more prevalent in the reference group. Among the 20 most abundant species, Lactobacillus crispatus was significantly more prevalent in patients with PL, whereas common in the control group. 3. Principal Coordinates Analysis (PCoA) of Bray-Curtis distances, highlight their distinct clustering patterns, suggesting a notable difference between the metabolic pathways of the two groups. Key pathways with a negative correlation to PL include those related to amino acid biosynthesis, lipid metabolism, and nucleotide biosynthesis.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our study highlights the association between vaginal microbiota dysbiosis and EPL, identifying specific microbial taxa that may contribute to pregnancy loss. These findings underscore the importance of the vaginal microbiome in reproductive health and open up new avenues for research into microbiome-based diagnostics and therapies. By integrating microbial, immune, and environmental data, future research has the potential to uncover the mechanisms underlying EPL and develop targeted interventions to improve pregnancy outcomes.</p>\",\"PeriodicalId\":50146,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Journal of Maternal-Fetal & Neonatal Medicine\",\"volume\":\"38 1\",\"pages\":\"2496787\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":1.7000,\"publicationDate\":\"2025-12-01\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Journal of Maternal-Fetal & Neonatal Medicine\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"3\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://doi.org/10.1080/14767058.2025.2496787\",\"RegionNum\":4,\"RegionCategory\":\"医学\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"2025/5/12 0:00:00\",\"PubModel\":\"Epub\",\"JCR\":\"Q3\",\"JCRName\":\"OBSTETRICS & GYNECOLOGY\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Journal of Maternal-Fetal & Neonatal Medicine","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14767058.2025.2496787","RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"2025/5/12 0:00:00","PubModel":"Epub","JCR":"Q3","JCRName":"OBSTETRICS & GYNECOLOGY","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
摘要
目的:探讨阴道微生物群在早期妊娠丢失中的作用及相关功能。方法:本研究为病例对照研究,设对照组(参照组)。我们招募了178名妇女,其中73名至少经历过一次早期临床妊娠失败,105名活产一次且无妊娠失败史的患者。收集了人口统计学、疾病史、月经和生殖史的数据。病例组患者在第一次就诊时立即出现妊娠丢失。参照组患者在自愿参与的情况下接受抽样。所有阴道分泌物进行DNA制备和宏基因组测序。采用苯酚/三氯甲烷法提取DNA,然后用磁珠选择DNA片段的大小为300-700 bp。选择的碎片被修复并用索引接头连接。捕获的DNA再次通过PCR扩增并循环以创建单链环状(ssCir)文库。随后通过滚动圈扩增(RCA)扩增ssCir文库以产生DNA纳米球(dnb)。然后将dnb加载到流动池中,并使用DNBSEQ平台进行测序。采用非参数检验,包括Kruskal-Wallis检验和Wilcoxon检验。比较各组间的相对丰度,利用LEfSe软件进行差异种选择,并进行线性判别分析。结果:1。基于物种水平的布雷-柯蒂斯距离的PCoA分析显示,两组之间存在差异(p = 0.011)。在属水平上,采用Shannon、Simpson和Inverse Simpson指数评估的α-多样性表明,对照组的细菌丰富度和多样性更高(Shannon:平均值0.554比0.383,p = 0.0044;Simpson:平均0.254 vs. 0.179, p = 0.0043;逆辛普森:平均1.636 vs. 1.414, p = 0.0043);在属水平上鉴定出107个微生物属,其中18个具有统计学差异。在物种水平上,两组间有23种微生物存在显著差异。2. 我们分析了最丰富的门、属和种的差异,特别关注了最丰富的前20个属和种。厚壁菌门和变形菌门在妊娠流产(PL)患者中更为普遍。在丰度最高的前20个属中,链球菌和卟啉单胞菌在PL患者中丰度显著高于对照组,而双歧杆菌在对照组中明显高于对照组。在20个最丰富的菌种中,crispatus乳杆菌在PL患者中更为普遍,而在对照组中较为常见。3. Bray-Curtis距离的主坐标分析(PCoA)突出了它们不同的聚类模式,表明两组的代谢途径存在显著差异。与PL负相关的关键通路包括氨基酸生物合成、脂质代谢和核苷酸生物合成相关的通路。结论:我们的研究强调了阴道微生物群失调与EPL之间的关联,确定了可能导致妊娠丢失的特定微生物群。这些发现强调了阴道微生物组在生殖健康中的重要性,并为基于微生物组的诊断和治疗的研究开辟了新的途径。通过整合微生物、免疫和环境数据,未来的研究有可能揭示EPL的机制,并制定有针对性的干预措施来改善妊娠结局。
Microbial imbalances linked to early pregnancy loss: a comparative analysis of vaginal microbiota.
Objective: To explore the role and related functions of vaginal microbiota in early pregnancy loss.
Methods: This study was a case-control study with a comparison group (reference group). We recruited 178 women, including 73 who had experienced at least one early clinical pregnancy loss and 105 patients with one live birth and no history of pregnancy loss. Data on demographics, disease history, menstrual and reproductive history was collected. The case group patients were sampled immediately upon presenting with pregnancy loss at their first visit. The reference group patients underwent samples when they chose to participate voluntarily. All vaginal discharge was performed DNA Preparation and Metagenomics Sequencing. DNA extraction was performed using the phenol/trichloromethane method and the DNA fragments were then size-selected to 300-700 bp using magnetic beads. The selected fragments were repaired and ligated with indexed adaptors. The captured DNA was amplified again by PCR and circularized to create a single-stranded circular (ssCir) library. The ssCir library was subsequently amplified through rolling circle amplification (RCA) to produce DNA nanoballs (DNBs). The DNBs were then loaded onto a flow cell and sequenced using the DNBSEQ Platform. Nonparametric tests, including Kruskal-Wallis and Wilcoxon tests, were employed. Relative abundance between groups was compared, and differential species selection was performed using the LEfSe software with linear discriminant analysis.
Results: 1. PCoA analysis based on Bray-Curtis distances at the species level revealed a difference between the groups (p = 0.011). At the genus level, α-diversity, assessed using the Shannon, Simpson, and Inverse Simpson indices, indicated higher bacterial richness and diversity in the control group (Shannon: mean 0.554 vs. 0.383, p = 0.0044; Simpson: mean 0.254 vs. 0.179, p = 0.0043; Inverse Simpson: mean 1.636 vs. 1.414, p = 0.0043); At the genus level, 107 microbial genera were identified, 18 of which displayed statistically significant differences. At the species level, 23 microbial species showed significant differences between the two groups. 2. We analyzed the differences in the most abundant phyla, genera, and species, with a particular focus on the top 20 most abundant genera and species. Firmicutes and Proteobacteria were significantly more prevalent among patients with pregnancy loss (PL). Among the top 20 most abundant genera, Streptococcus and Porphyromonas were significantly more abundant in patients with PL, whereas Bifidobacterium was significantly more prevalent in the reference group. Among the 20 most abundant species, Lactobacillus crispatus was significantly more prevalent in patients with PL, whereas common in the control group. 3. Principal Coordinates Analysis (PCoA) of Bray-Curtis distances, highlight their distinct clustering patterns, suggesting a notable difference between the metabolic pathways of the two groups. Key pathways with a negative correlation to PL include those related to amino acid biosynthesis, lipid metabolism, and nucleotide biosynthesis.
Conclusion: Our study highlights the association between vaginal microbiota dysbiosis and EPL, identifying specific microbial taxa that may contribute to pregnancy loss. These findings underscore the importance of the vaginal microbiome in reproductive health and open up new avenues for research into microbiome-based diagnostics and therapies. By integrating microbial, immune, and environmental data, future research has the potential to uncover the mechanisms underlying EPL and develop targeted interventions to improve pregnancy outcomes.
期刊介绍:
The official journal of The European Association of Perinatal Medicine, The Federation of Asia and Oceania Perinatal Societies and The International Society of Perinatal Obstetricians. The journal publishes a wide range of peer-reviewed research on the obstetric, medical, genetic, mental health and surgical complications of pregnancy and their effects on the mother, fetus and neonate. Research on audit, evaluation and clinical care in maternal-fetal and perinatal medicine is also featured.