A scoping review of adult NCD-relevant phenotypes measured in today's large child cohort studies.

Background: Child cohort studies are important resources that can inform strategies to prevent adult noncommunicable diseases (NCDs). Technological advances now enable direct measurement of NCD-relevant phenotypes at large scale. Across contemporary large child cohorts, we aimed to provide the first comprehensive map of NCD-relevant phenotype measurement and gaps.

Methods: We included cohorts with >8000 child participants that were recruiting in whole or part after 2010 and measuring phenotypes relevant to ten high-burden NCDs. Our database and gray literature search identified 15 cohort studies for inclusion. Details on phenotype measurement (methods, age, location) are presented in an online, searchable inventory.

Results: All 15 cohorts measure body size or composition. Most cohorts measure aspects of cardiovascular health (n = 10) and neurocognition (n = 9). Fewer measure musculoskeletal phenotypes (n = 6), pulmonary function (n = 6), vision (n = 6) and glucose (n = 4). Only two cohorts measure hearing or kidney function.

Conclusions: Today's childhood cohorts are not measuring some phenotypes important to global burden of disease, notably kidney function and hearing. Given the rarity of very large contemporary child cohorts, cross-cohort coordination will be required if all major NCD precursors are to be adequately represented for future benefit.

Impact: This scoping review provides a comprehensive overview of NCD-relevant phenotype measurement across large, modern child cohort studies. This review has identified measurement gaps in important areas that may obviate steps to prevent and detect NCDs with high global disease burden. Findings may inform planning of collaborative projects and future data collection to address measurement gaps for greatest future benefit.