Multi-omics investigation of prospective therapeutic targets for type 1 diabetes.

Background: In recent years, the incidence of type 1 diabetes has been rising steadily, positioning its prevention and treatment as a central focus of global public health initiatives. Previous Mendelian randomization (MR) studies have investigated the relationship between proteomics and type 1 diabetes. Consequently, this study aims to identify prospective therapeutic targets for type 1 diabetes through a comprehensive multi-omics analysis.

Methods: This study primarily utilized the MR method, drawing on genetic data from several large-scale, publicly accessible genome-wide association studies. Within this framework, we applied two-sample MR to evaluate the relationship between five omics components and type 1 diabetes. Finally, we conducted various sensitivity analyses and bidirectional MR to ensure the robustness and reliability of our findings.

Results: The inverse variance weighted method revealed that, following false discovery rate correction, 39 plasma proteins and 3 plasma protein ratios exhibited significant associations with type 1 diabetes. The genetically predicted risk of type 1 diabetes ranged from 0.05 for RBP2 to 394.51 for FMNL1. Furthermore, 4-chlorobenzoic acid levels demonstrated a potential association with type 1 diabetes.

Conclusion: Our research identified numerous omics components associated with type 1 diabetes. These findings offer novel insights into the disease's etiology, diagnosis, and treatment.