职业人群尿铬水平的影响因素

Xue Li, Yiwen Dong, Xin Wang, Ning Kang, Liangying Mei, Tingting Wei, Xia Li, Zushu Qian, Meng Ye
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引用次数: 0

摘要

目的:探讨某铬酸盐生产工厂六价铬(Cr(Ⅵ))职业人群尿中总铬含量的可能影响因素,为职工健康管理提供科学依据;促进健康和自我保护。方法:2021年5月,对某铬酸盐生产企业进行横断面研究,通过问卷调查收集铬(Ⅵ)暴露组(n=651)和对照组(n=74)的人口统计信息、职业史、既往病史和生活方式,这些Cr暴露组包括焙烧、制造、精炼、铬酸酐、电力和检修等部门,对照组均为职能部门。通过在特定工作场所的短时检测模式(C_(STE))采集环境铬(Ⅵ)暴露水平,或在整个主要过程中通过针对时间-重量平均暴露水平(C_(TWA))在一系列典型岗位上采样8 h。收集所有参与者轮班前尿液样本(5-10 mL),并通过石墨原子吸收光谱法测定总铬(Ⅵ)水平。采用Kruskal-Wallis试验分析了不同车间空气和尿液中六价铬的浓度。采用多元线性回归分析影响总铬(Ⅵ)水平的可能因素。结果:暴露组男性448人,女性203人,平均年龄分别为44.25岁和43.39岁,平均工龄分别为8.61岁和9.14岁。对照组男性32人,女性42人,平均年龄分别为37.22岁和35.5岁,平均工龄分别为6.88年和7.5年。暴露组(M(P25, P75))尿铬水平为3.05(1.09,8.70)μmol/mol肌酐,尿中有8例(1.2%)超过生物暴露限值,而对照组尿铬水平均小于0.22 μmol/mol肌酐。年龄(F=65.82, P<0.01)、性别(χ~2=19.97, P<0.01)、工作年龄(F=5.55, P<0.05)、吸烟(χ~2=5.58, P=0.02)、每周累计工作时数(χ~2=100.77, P<0.01)在尿铬水平上的差异均有统计学意义。6个接触铬工位的C_(TWA)均满足职业暴露限值(PC-TWA 0.05 mg/m~3),但铬酸酐断面空气铬浓度(0.010 mg/m~3)和尿铬浓度(18.60(7.07,27.41)μmol/mol肌酐)与其他断面差异显著(P<0.01)。多变量线性回归表明,年龄和环境Cr(Ⅵ)浓度对尿总铬水平有显著影响(P<0.05)。结论:该铬酸厂各主要工序工作场所环境铬(Ⅵ)浓度是影响工人健康的重要因素;尿总铬水平,以车间酸酐铬的变化最为显著。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
[Influencing factors on urinary chromium levels of occupational population].

Objective: To investigate the possible factors affecting the total urinary chromium levels on a group of hexavalent chromium(Cr(Ⅵ)) occupational population in a chromate production factory, which will provide the scientific basis for workers' health promotion and self-protection.

Methods: In May 2021, a cross-sectional study was conducted in a chromate production enterprise, in that, the demographic information, occupational history, past disease history as well as life style concerning the Cr(Ⅵ) exposed group(n=651) which cover the roasting, manufacturing, refining, chromic anhydride, power and overhauling sectors and the control group(n=74) which are all from functional department were collected through a questionnaire survey, the ambient Cr(Ⅵ) exposure levels either catched from a short-time detection pattern(C_(STE)) at certain work places or sampled from a series of typical posts throughout the main processes by aiming at the time-weight average exposure levels(C_(TWA)) for 8 h. The pre-shift urinary samples(5-10 mL) of all participants were collected and the total Cr(Ⅵ) levels were determined by the graphite atomic absorption spectroscopy method. Kruskal-Wallis test was used to analyze the concentration of hexavalent chromium in air and urine in different workshops. The possible factors who influencing the total Cr(Ⅵ) levels were analyzed by the multiple linear regression.

Results: There were 448 males and 203 females in the exposed group, with an average age of 44.25 and 43.39 years old, respectively, and an average length of service of 8.61 and 9.14 years, respectively. There were 32 males and 42 females in the control group, with an average of 37.22 and 35.5 years old, respectively, and an average length of service of 6.88 and 7.5 years, respectively. The urinary chromium level in the exposed group(M(P25, P75)) was 3.05(1.09, 8.70) μmol/mol creatinine, with 8 individuals exceeding the biological exposure limit in urine(1.2%), while the urinary chromium level in the control group was all less than 0.22 μmol/mol creatinine. Age(F=65.82, P<0.01), gender(χ~2=19.97, P<0.01), working-age(F=5.55, P<0.05), smoking(χ~2=5.58, P=0.02) and weekly cumulative working hours(χ~2=100.77, P<0.01) were statistically significant at different urinary chromium levels. the C_(TWA )of the 6 chromium-contacting job positions met the occupational exposure limit(PC-TWA 0.05 mg/m~3), but the air chromium concentration(0.010 mg/m~3) and urinary chromium(18.60(7.07, 27.41)μmol/mol creatinine) in the chromic anhydride section were significantly different from those in other sections(P<0.01). The multivariate linear regression indicated that variables of age and the ambient Cr(Ⅵ) concentrations were noted to contribute to the total urinary chromium levels with significant differences(P<0.05).

Conclusion: The ambient Cr(Ⅵ) concentrations at workplaces throughout the main processes in this chromate factory is an important factor affecting the workers' total urinary chromium levels, and the change of chromium anhydride workshop is the most significant.

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