Flow-induced particle migration microfluidics-The experimenter's comprehensive review.

Building upon the extensive body of work in inertial, viscoelastic, and elasto-inertial microfluidics-collectively classified as flow-induced particle migration microfluidics (FIPMM)-this review delivers an exhaustive synthesis of theoretical foundations and practical advancements in the field. The focus is centered on leveraging microfluidic platforms for the effective separation and manipulation of nanoscale particles such as exosomes. Highlighting the unique advantages and practical challenges of these methods, the review bridges the gap between theory and application. By exploring the interplay of inertial and elastic forces, this work demonstrates the potential for enhanced resolution, throughput, and scalability in particle separation without the need for chemical labeling. In addition, it addresses key limitations such as device fabrication constraints, material properties, and operational reproducibility, providing strategic information to researchers and engineers. By addressing these challenges, this review intends to guide new entrants in the field and contribute to the general advancement of this area of research.