Eric Tielemans, Carin Rautenbach, Alta Viljoen, Frederic Beugnet
{"title":"阿福唑内与米霉素肟联合口服预防网纹革蜱传播犬巴贝斯虫的疗效观察。","authors":"Eric Tielemans, Carin Rautenbach, Alta Viljoen, Frederic Beugnet","doi":"10.1186/s13071-025-06787-y","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Canine babesiosis is a tick-borne disease of significant veterinary importance in dogs. It is caused by Babesia canis in Europe, where it is transmitted by Dermacentor reticulatus ticks.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A blinded, randomized, good clinical practice (GCP) and negative control experimental study was conducted to verify the efficacy of NexGard Spectra® in reducing the transmission of B. canis by D. reticulatus to dogs. NexGard Spectra® (IVP) is an oral product for dogs combining afoxolaner, an acaricide/insecticide compound from the isoxazoline class, and milbemycin oxime, a nematicide compound from the macrocyclic lactone class. Three groups of eight dogs were used; one group orally treated on day 0 with the IVP at the minimum recommended dose and two untreated control groups. On day 1, dogs from the treated group and from control group 1 were infested with 50 D. reticulatus adult ticks of 50/50 sex ratio infected with B. canis at a 23% infection rate. On day 28, dogs from the treated group and from control group 2 were infested similarly to those on day 1. Ticks were removed 6 days after each infestation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Seven to nine days after each infestation, all untreated control dogs displayed clinical signs of canine babesiosis, i.e., lethargy, and/or dark urine, and/or > 39.5 °C rectal temperature. Blood was collected for microscopical blood smear examination, and for polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis. The blood smears from all untreated control dogs were positive for Babesia and all the PCR analyses were positive for B. canis. The control dogs were rescue treated. All control dogs were confirmed positive for B. canis by IFA on day 21 (control group 1) and on day 42 (control group 2). None of the IVP-treated dogs expressed any clinical sign of canine babesiosis following each of the two infestations of days 1 and 28 and until day 56. Blood was collected for IFA and PCR analyses from the treated dogs on days 21, 28, 42, and 56, and all results were negative.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In this study, the antiparasitic treatment prevented the transmission of B. canis to dogs following induced infestations.</p>","PeriodicalId":19793,"journal":{"name":"Parasites & Vectors","volume":"18 1","pages":"142"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0000,"publicationDate":"2025-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12001589/pdf/","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Efficacy of an oral combination of afoxolaner and milbemycin oxime for the prevention of transmission of Babesia canis by Dermacentor reticulatus ticks to dogs.\",\"authors\":\"Eric Tielemans, Carin Rautenbach, Alta Viljoen, Frederic Beugnet\",\"doi\":\"10.1186/s13071-025-06787-y\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Canine babesiosis is a tick-borne disease of significant veterinary importance in dogs. It is caused by Babesia canis in Europe, where it is transmitted by Dermacentor reticulatus ticks.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A blinded, randomized, good clinical practice (GCP) and negative control experimental study was conducted to verify the efficacy of NexGard Spectra® in reducing the transmission of B. canis by D. reticulatus to dogs. NexGard Spectra® (IVP) is an oral product for dogs combining afoxolaner, an acaricide/insecticide compound from the isoxazoline class, and milbemycin oxime, a nematicide compound from the macrocyclic lactone class. Three groups of eight dogs were used; one group orally treated on day 0 with the IVP at the minimum recommended dose and two untreated control groups. On day 1, dogs from the treated group and from control group 1 were infested with 50 D. reticulatus adult ticks of 50/50 sex ratio infected with B. canis at a 23% infection rate. On day 28, dogs from the treated group and from control group 2 were infested similarly to those on day 1. Ticks were removed 6 days after each infestation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Seven to nine days after each infestation, all untreated control dogs displayed clinical signs of canine babesiosis, i.e., lethargy, and/or dark urine, and/or > 39.5 °C rectal temperature. Blood was collected for microscopical blood smear examination, and for polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis. The blood smears from all untreated control dogs were positive for Babesia and all the PCR analyses were positive for B. canis. The control dogs were rescue treated. All control dogs were confirmed positive for B. canis by IFA on day 21 (control group 1) and on day 42 (control group 2). None of the IVP-treated dogs expressed any clinical sign of canine babesiosis following each of the two infestations of days 1 and 28 and until day 56. Blood was collected for IFA and PCR analyses from the treated dogs on days 21, 28, 42, and 56, and all results were negative.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In this study, the antiparasitic treatment prevented the transmission of B. canis to dogs following induced infestations.</p>\",\"PeriodicalId\":19793,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Parasites & Vectors\",\"volume\":\"18 1\",\"pages\":\"142\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":3.0000,\"publicationDate\":\"2025-04-15\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12001589/pdf/\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Parasites & Vectors\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"3\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13071-025-06787-y\",\"RegionNum\":2,\"RegionCategory\":\"医学\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q1\",\"JCRName\":\"PARASITOLOGY\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Parasites & Vectors","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13071-025-06787-y","RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"PARASITOLOGY","Score":null,"Total":0}
Efficacy of an oral combination of afoxolaner and milbemycin oxime for the prevention of transmission of Babesia canis by Dermacentor reticulatus ticks to dogs.
Background: Canine babesiosis is a tick-borne disease of significant veterinary importance in dogs. It is caused by Babesia canis in Europe, where it is transmitted by Dermacentor reticulatus ticks.
Methods: A blinded, randomized, good clinical practice (GCP) and negative control experimental study was conducted to verify the efficacy of NexGard Spectra® in reducing the transmission of B. canis by D. reticulatus to dogs. NexGard Spectra® (IVP) is an oral product for dogs combining afoxolaner, an acaricide/insecticide compound from the isoxazoline class, and milbemycin oxime, a nematicide compound from the macrocyclic lactone class. Three groups of eight dogs were used; one group orally treated on day 0 with the IVP at the minimum recommended dose and two untreated control groups. On day 1, dogs from the treated group and from control group 1 were infested with 50 D. reticulatus adult ticks of 50/50 sex ratio infected with B. canis at a 23% infection rate. On day 28, dogs from the treated group and from control group 2 were infested similarly to those on day 1. Ticks were removed 6 days after each infestation.
Results: Seven to nine days after each infestation, all untreated control dogs displayed clinical signs of canine babesiosis, i.e., lethargy, and/or dark urine, and/or > 39.5 °C rectal temperature. Blood was collected for microscopical blood smear examination, and for polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis. The blood smears from all untreated control dogs were positive for Babesia and all the PCR analyses were positive for B. canis. The control dogs were rescue treated. All control dogs were confirmed positive for B. canis by IFA on day 21 (control group 1) and on day 42 (control group 2). None of the IVP-treated dogs expressed any clinical sign of canine babesiosis following each of the two infestations of days 1 and 28 and until day 56. Blood was collected for IFA and PCR analyses from the treated dogs on days 21, 28, 42, and 56, and all results were negative.
Conclusions: In this study, the antiparasitic treatment prevented the transmission of B. canis to dogs following induced infestations.
期刊介绍：
Parasites & Vectors is an open access, peer-reviewed online journal dealing with the biology of parasites, parasitic diseases, intermediate hosts, vectors and vector-borne pathogens. Manuscripts published in this journal will be available to all worldwide, with no barriers to access, immediately following acceptance. However, authors retain the copyright of their material and may use it, or distribute it, as they wish.
Manuscripts on all aspects of the basic and applied biology of parasites, intermediate hosts, vectors and vector-borne pathogens will be considered. In addition to the traditional and well-established areas of science in these fields, we also aim to provide a vehicle for publication of the rapidly developing resources and technology in parasite, intermediate host and vector genomics and their impacts on biological research. We are able to publish large datasets and extensive results, frequently associated with genomic and post-genomic technologies, which are not readily accommodated in traditional journals. Manuscripts addressing broader issues, for example economics, social sciences and global climate change in relation to parasites, vectors and disease control, are also welcomed.
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