Semaglutide treatment for type 2 diabetes in a patient with chronic myeloid leukemia: A case report and review of the literature.

Background: Comorbid type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), severe obesity, and chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) present therapeutic challenges, especially given the limited data on glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists in this setting.

Methods: We describe a 33-year-old female with poorly controlled T2DM (HbA1c 10.7%), severe obesity (BMI 47.05 kg/m²), and stable CML on tyrosine kinase inhibitor therapy. She received once-weekly semaglutide (0.5-1.5 mg) for 6 months, alongside insulin glargine and dapagliflozin/metformin. Clinical, biochemical, and molecular parameters were monitored.

Results: After 6 months, her HbA1c declined from 10.7 to 5.5%, fasting plasma glucose from 16.2 to 5.3 mmol/L, and body weight decreased by 18 kg. Lipid parameters improved, and molecular analysis confirmed continued CML remission (undetectable BCR-ABL1). The patient experienced only mild, transient gastrointestinal side effects.

Conclusion: In this complex case, semaglutide proved safe and effective for achieving glycemic control and weight reduction without compromising CML stability. These findings suggest that GLP-1 receptor agonists may be a viable therapeutic option for patients with coexisting T2DM, severe obesity, and stable CML, warranting further investigation in broader populations.