{"title":"外生菌根口蘑及其近缘种的离体寄主关系反映了其生境特征。","authors":"Wataru Aoki, Naoki Endo, Yasushi Hashimoto, Mimori Tsuji, Tesuro Ito, Masaki Fukuda, Akiyoshi Yamada","doi":"10.1007/s00572-025-01212-9","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Tricholoma kakishimeji, a poisonous fungus containing the toxic compound ustalic acid, has sometimes been misidentified as closely related species (T. stans, T. matsushimeji, T. kakishimejioides) under the name T. ustale in Japan until recently. Tricholoma ustale s. str. was not found in Japan according to a recent study, and it has been only recorded in Europe. Here, we report the first comprehensive morphological comparison of ectomycorrhizae among these four Tricholoma species. Several cultured strains of these species were inoculated onto Pinus densiflora in vitro. The resulting ectomycorrhizal pine seedlings were subsequently used as mother plants to establish an ectomycorrhizal system on Fagaceae plants. Although all tested fungal strains formed ectomycorrhizae on pine, mycorrhizal colonization by T. kakishimejioides was limited. On Quercus hosts, T. matsushimeji exhibited discontinuous Hartig net development, whereas T. kakishimeji and T. stans produced distinct Hartig nets. Additionally, ectomycorrhizal biomass development on oak hosts was limited in T. stans and T. matsushimeji. These findings correspond to the habitat characteristics of these fungal species. Ectomycorrhizae of these Tricholoma species sampled from natural forests showed morphological and anatomical characteristics similar to their in vitro ectomycorrhizae, including species-specific hyphal arrangements of the mantle and rhizomorphs. We propose that the ectomycorrhizal specificity of Tricholoma can be experimentally assessed in relation to their genetic background on pine and oak hosts, as well as the phyloecological characteristics of these fungal species.</p>","PeriodicalId":18965,"journal":{"name":"Mycorrhiza","volume":"35 3","pages":"37"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8000,"publicationDate":"2025-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"In vitro host relationships of ectomycorrhizal Tricholoma kakishimeji and closely related species reflect their habitat characteristics.\",\"authors\":\"Wataru Aoki, Naoki Endo, Yasushi Hashimoto, Mimori Tsuji, Tesuro Ito, Masaki Fukuda, Akiyoshi Yamada\",\"doi\":\"10.1007/s00572-025-01212-9\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<p><p>Tricholoma kakishimeji, a poisonous fungus containing the toxic compound ustalic acid, has sometimes been misidentified as closely related species (T. stans, T. matsushimeji, T. kakishimejioides) under the name T. ustale in Japan until recently. Tricholoma ustale s. str. was not found in Japan according to a recent study, and it has been only recorded in Europe. Here, we report the first comprehensive morphological comparison of ectomycorrhizae among these four Tricholoma species. Several cultured strains of these species were inoculated onto Pinus densiflora in vitro. The resulting ectomycorrhizal pine seedlings were subsequently used as mother plants to establish an ectomycorrhizal system on Fagaceae plants. Although all tested fungal strains formed ectomycorrhizae on pine, mycorrhizal colonization by T. kakishimejioides was limited. On Quercus hosts, T. matsushimeji exhibited discontinuous Hartig net development, whereas T. kakishimeji and T. stans produced distinct Hartig nets. Additionally, ectomycorrhizal biomass development on oak hosts was limited in T. stans and T. matsushimeji. These findings correspond to the habitat characteristics of these fungal species. Ectomycorrhizae of these Tricholoma species sampled from natural forests showed morphological and anatomical characteristics similar to their in vitro ectomycorrhizae, including species-specific hyphal arrangements of the mantle and rhizomorphs. We propose that the ectomycorrhizal specificity of Tricholoma can be experimentally assessed in relation to their genetic background on pine and oak hosts, as well as the phyloecological characteristics of these fungal species.</p>\",\"PeriodicalId\":18965,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Mycorrhiza\",\"volume\":\"35 3\",\"pages\":\"37\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":3.8000,\"publicationDate\":\"2025-05-08\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Mycorrhiza\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"99\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00572-025-01212-9\",\"RegionNum\":2,\"RegionCategory\":\"生物学\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q2\",\"JCRName\":\"MYCOLOGY\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Mycorrhiza","FirstCategoryId":"99","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00572-025-01212-9","RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"MYCOLOGY","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
摘要
kakishimeji口蘑(Tricholoma kakishimeji)是一种含有有毒化合物胃酸的有毒真菌,直到最近,在日本有时被误认为是密切相关的物种(T. stans, T. matsushimeji, T. kakishimejioides),并以T. ustale的名称命名。根据最近的一项研究,在日本没有发现乌氏口蘑,它只在欧洲有记录。在这里,我们首次报道了这四种口蘑的外生菌根的综合形态比较。将这些菌种的几个培养菌株在离体条件下接种到松上。将得到的外生菌根松幼苗作为母株,在壳斗科植物上建立了外生菌根体系。虽然所有被试真菌菌株都能在松木上形成外生菌根,但卡克西米氏菌根的定殖是有限的。在栎树寄主上,松姬栎表现出不连续的Hartig网发育,而kakishimeji和stans则表现出明显的Hartig网发育。此外,松树和松石栎寄主上的外生菌根生物量发育受到限制。这些发现与这些真菌物种的生境特征相吻合。这些从天然林中采集的口蘑物种的外生菌根表现出与其体外外生菌根相似的形态和解剖特征,包括种特异性的菌丝排列和根状结构。我们认为,口蘑的外生菌根特异性可以通过松木和橡树寄主的遗传背景以及这些真菌物种的系统生态学特征进行实验评估。
In vitro host relationships of ectomycorrhizal Tricholoma kakishimeji and closely related species reflect their habitat characteristics.
Tricholoma kakishimeji, a poisonous fungus containing the toxic compound ustalic acid, has sometimes been misidentified as closely related species (T. stans, T. matsushimeji, T. kakishimejioides) under the name T. ustale in Japan until recently. Tricholoma ustale s. str. was not found in Japan according to a recent study, and it has been only recorded in Europe. Here, we report the first comprehensive morphological comparison of ectomycorrhizae among these four Tricholoma species. Several cultured strains of these species were inoculated onto Pinus densiflora in vitro. The resulting ectomycorrhizal pine seedlings were subsequently used as mother plants to establish an ectomycorrhizal system on Fagaceae plants. Although all tested fungal strains formed ectomycorrhizae on pine, mycorrhizal colonization by T. kakishimejioides was limited. On Quercus hosts, T. matsushimeji exhibited discontinuous Hartig net development, whereas T. kakishimeji and T. stans produced distinct Hartig nets. Additionally, ectomycorrhizal biomass development on oak hosts was limited in T. stans and T. matsushimeji. These findings correspond to the habitat characteristics of these fungal species. Ectomycorrhizae of these Tricholoma species sampled from natural forests showed morphological and anatomical characteristics similar to their in vitro ectomycorrhizae, including species-specific hyphal arrangements of the mantle and rhizomorphs. We propose that the ectomycorrhizal specificity of Tricholoma can be experimentally assessed in relation to their genetic background on pine and oak hosts, as well as the phyloecological characteristics of these fungal species.
期刊介绍:
Mycorrhiza is an international journal devoted to research into mycorrhizas - the widest symbioses in nature, involving plants and a range of soil fungi world-wide. The scope of Mycorrhiza covers all aspects of research into mycorrhizas, including molecular biology of the plants and fungi, fungal systematics, development and structure of mycorrhizas, and effects on plant physiology, productivity, reproduction and disease resistance. The scope also includes interactions between mycorrhizal fungi and other soil organisms and effects of mycorrhizas on plant biodiversity and ecosystem structure.
Mycorrhiza contains original papers, short notes and review articles, along with commentaries and news items. It forms a platform for new concepts and discussions, and is a basis for a truly international forum of mycorrhizologists from all over the world.