Palliative and supportive care in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma: a qualitative study on attitudes and perceptions of health professionals.

Background: Integration of palliative and supportive care in cancer treatment pathways is becoming standardised. While there has been significant qualitative research in oncology on palliative and supportive care integration into clinical care, there is little evidence that focusses on clinicians who manage hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and their perceptions on palliative and supportive care.

Aim: To investigate the attitudes and perceptions regarding palliative and supportive care of healthcare professionals managing patients with HCC.

Design: Qualitative study involving semi-structured individual interviews transcribed verbatim and analysed thematically.

Setting/participants: A total of 25 healthcare professionals including hepatologists, gastroenterology trainees, hepatology clinical nurse consultants, social workers, and palliative care specialists providing care to patients with HCC recruited at 4 tertiary hospitals via purposive sampling.

Results: The following themes emerged: (1) availability of palliative care services, (2) need for clear referral pathways and processes, (3) patients' limited understanding of palliative care, (4) recognition of benefits of palliative care, and (5) the lack of training in hepatology services for palliative care provision.

Conclusion: Health professionals' perceptions of integration of palliative and supportive care in liver cancer care are hampered by multiple barriers. Opportunities to establish a more cohesive approach to care integration for patients with liver cancer have been identified.  TRIAL REGISTRATION: ACTRN12623000010695 (date of registration 9/01/2023).   What is already known about the topic? • Integration of palliative and supportive care for cancer can have profound benefits for patients' symptom burden and quality of life. • There is a lack of empirical studies examining the perspectives of health professionals who manage liver cancer on the integration of palliative and supportive care into the treatment pathways for patients. What this paper adds • This study identifies a number of barriers to the implementation of palliative and supportive care into liver cancer treatment algorithms. • The absence of sufficient evidence in clinical guidelines impairs the capacity of health professionals to improve the integration of palliative and supportive care for liver cancer patients. Implications for practice, theory, or policy. • As liver cancer prevalence increases, further effort is required to develop appropriate evidence-based clinical guidelines and referral pathways to support the integration of palliative and supportive care within existing liver cancer services.