加纳营养转型的国家粮食支出模式以及鱼类和海鲜多样性的差异。

IF 3.7 3区 医学 Q2 NUTRITION & DIETETICS
Zachary P Gersten, Ana Baylin, Erica C Jansen, Daniel B Sarpong, Andrew D Jones
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引用次数: 0

摘要

背景:随着营养转型,低收入和中等收入国家的饮食正在发生变化。加纳的全国饮食模式尚未建立,以前的研究对哪种饮食模式包含鱼和海产品(一种高消费量和多样化的食物组)提出了相互矛盾的结果。目的:我们旨在建立加纳的国家粮食支出模式,并评估其与社会经济变量的关系。在将鱼类和海产品分成10个亚组后,我们进一步试图评估这些模式的差异。方法:我们分析了2016-2017年第七轮加纳生活水平调查中收集的13,782个家庭的全国代表性横断面家庭食品支出和社会经济数据。我们使用主成分分析来确定食物支出模式,并使用多变量回归模型来探索模式与家庭社会经济特征之间的关系。在利用分类种群(如物种)和生态系统来源(如海洋或淡水)信息将鱼类和海产品分成10个亚群后,我们重复了这一分析。结果:我们发现了淀粉类主食、水果、蔬菜、鱼类和海鲜的“传统”模式,精制谷物、加工肉类、乳制品和糖果的“加工食品”模式,以及在餐馆准备的混合菜肴的“离家食物”模式。结论:“传统”、“加工食品”和“FAFH”这三种全国食品支出模式与营养转型相一致。将鱼类和海产品分成亚组,可以获得有关它们所属的食物支出模式的更具体信息。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
National Food Expenditure Patterns of the Nutrition Transition in Ghana and Differences by Fish and Seafood Diversity.

Background: Diets are changing in low- and middle-income countries in concert with the nutrition transition. National dietary patterns have yet to be established in Ghana, and previous studies present conflicting results on which patterns contain fish and seafood-a highly consumed and diverse food group.

Objectives: We aimed to establish national food expenditure patterns in Ghana and assess their relationships with socioeconomic variables. We further sought to assess differences in these patterns after disaggregating fish and seafood into 10 subgroups.

Methods: We analyzed nationally representative cross-sectional household food expenditure and socioeconomic data from 13,782 households that were collected for 2016-2017 for the seventh round of the Ghana Living Standards Survey. We used principal component analysis to identify food expenditure patterns and multivariable regression models to explore relationships between patterns and household socioeconomic characteristics. We repeated the analysis after disaggregating fish and seafood into 10 subgroups using information on taxonomic population (e.g., species) and ecosystem source (e.g., marine or freshwater).

Results: We found a "traditional" pattern of starchy staples, fruits, vegetables, and fish and seafood, a "processed foods" pattern of refined grains, processed meats, dairy, and sweets, and a "food away from home (FAFH)" pattern of mixed dishes prepared in restaurants. Head of household age, female sex, and households with a pregnant female or children <5 y were positively associated with the "traditional" pattern but negatively associated with the "FAFH" pattern. After disaggregating fish and seafood, we found that freshwater fishes loaded positively in the "traditional" pattern, and sardines, a canned marine fish, loaded positively in the "processed foods" pattern.

Conclusions: The 3 national food expenditure patterns, "traditional," "processed foods," and "FAFH," aligned with the nutrition transition. Disaggregating fish and seafood into subgroups yielded more specific information on the food expenditure patterns to which they belong.

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来源期刊
Journal of Nutrition
Journal of Nutrition 医学-营养学
CiteScore
7.60
自引率
4.80%
发文量
260
审稿时长
39 days
期刊介绍: The Journal of Nutrition (JN/J Nutr) publishes peer-reviewed original research papers covering all aspects of experimental nutrition in humans and other animal species; special articles such as reviews and biographies of prominent nutrition scientists; and issues, opinions, and commentaries on controversial issues in nutrition. Supplements are frequently published to provide extended discussion of topics of special interest.
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