Comparative study of pregnancy risks in different maternal age groups.

Objectives: To evaluate and compare pregnancy complications associated with varying maternal age groups.

Methods: A retrospective analysis of singleton pregnancy outcomes at Bahrain Defense Force Hospital from January to December 2022. The study population was divided into 4 age groups: <25 years, 25-29 years, 30-34 years, and ≥35 years. Data on demographics, maternal and fetal characteristics were collected, and statistical significance was set at p<0.05. Univariate logistic regression was performed to analyze maternal and neonatal outcomes, adjusting for maternal factors.

Results: The study included 2,972 women aged 17-55. Significant associations were found between maternal age and outcomes. Body mass index (BMI) was significantly linked to age (p<0.01), with younger women having lower BMI. Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) was more common in women ≥35 years (11.5%) vs. those <25 years (6.6%, p=0.027). Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) was more prevalent in the <25 years age group (p=0.041).Logistic regression showed women 30-34 years had a lower risk of GDM compared to 25-29 years (odds ratio [OR]: 0.544, CI: 0.365-0.811), and women <25 years had a higher risk of preterm delivery (OR: 1.365, CI: 1.015-1.837).

Conclusion: Maternal age is an independent risk factor for various adverse outcomes. Younger women (<25) are at higher risk for preterm delivery and IUGR, while older women (≥35) have higher rates of GDM.