Impact of environmental and lifestyle factors on adolescent sleep health in urban and semiurban areas.

Objectives: This study examines the impact of lifestyle factors on adolescent sleep health across urban and semiurban settings.

Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 1459 adolescents aged 14-19years from Tabriz (urban) and Hadishahr (semiurban), two cities with contrasting environmental conditions. Sleep duration and sleep deprivation were assessed using self-reported data, alongside key sociodemographic, behavioral, and health-related factors.

Results: The results showed that adolescents in urban area were significantly more likely to experience shorter sleep durations (OR=0.63, 95% CI [0.48, 0.83]) and sleep deprivation (OR=0.66, 95% CI [0.51, 0.85]) compared to those in semiurban environments. Age was positively associated with short sleep (OR=1.21, 95% CI [1.07, 1.38]), while smoking (OR=1.46, 95% CI [1.02, 2.08]) and chronic cough (OR=1.35, 95% CI [1.01, 1.80]) were also linked to reduced sleep duration. In contrast, semiurban residents slept an average of 20minutes longer than urban residents (β=0.34, 95% CI [0.17, 0.51]). Sleep deprivation was strongly associated with lower Parent's income (OR=0.78, 95% CI [0.61, 0.98]) and daytime fatigue (OR=1.58, 95% CI [1.26, 2.00]).

Conclusions: The study highlights the need for public health interventions that address environmental barriers to healthy sleep, particularly in urban settings, to mitigate the long-term health risks associated with sleep deprivation.